<p>Nokhu Crags is a rock formation and mountain summit in the Never Summer Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The name is derived from the Arapaho language, Neaha-no-xhu, meaning "Eagles Nest." The 12,490 ft peak is located in State Forest State Park, 4.0 km south  of Cameron Pass in Jackson County, Colorado, United States. The summit lies just northwest of the Continental Divide and Rocky Mountain National Park, near the headwaters of the Michigan River. The peak is prominently visible from State Highway 14 and can be seen throughout the southern North Park basin where it is known also known as "the Crags" or "Sleeping Indian" for its resemblance to the form of a supine chief. To the east lie the shallow basins of Snow Lake and the Michigan or American Lakes; to the north lies a snow filled couloir; to the west the mountain descends directly into the deep waters of Lake Agnes; and to the south lie Static Peak, Mount Richthofen, and the remainder of the Never Summer Mountain Range.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The rocks of the peak were formed as a sedimentary deposit millions of years ago in an ancient ocean basin. The entire region was subsequently thrust up with the formation of the Medicine Bow Range at the close of the Mesozoic Era. Around 24–29 million years ago, rising magma began to create volcanoes that were the predecessors of the Never Summer Mountains. The magma cooled into granitic formations and nearby, now vertical, shale metamorphosed into the hornfels that forms the present day Nokhu Crags. After millions of years of erosion and glaciation, the vertical fin-like form of the Nohku Crags was exposed. Erosion continues to reshape the Crags, as evidenced by the extensive talus field at its base.</p><br>
<p>Today the mountain is a barren, almost treeless form, virtually devoid of vegetation. During the day, pika and mountain goats may be seen and heard on the steep slopes. In the afternoon light green and orange hues of lichen covering the face of the rocks becomes apparent. In the evening thousands of bats stream from nooks and crannies of the western face. In the winter the Nokhu Crags are covered with deep snow and the flanks are the scene of frequent avalanches. An avalanche in 2013 killed a skier and buried another skier for hours.</p><br>
<h2>Historical names</h2><br>
<p>Nokhu Crags</p><br>
<p>Sawtooth Crags</p><br>
<p>Lake Pend Oreille in the northern Idaho Panhandle is the largest lake in the USA state of Idaho and the 38th-largest lake by area in the United States, with a surface area of 148 square miles. It is 43 mi long, and 1,150 ft deep in some regions, making it the fifth-deepest in the nation. It is fed by the Clark Fork River and the Pack River, and drains via the Pend Oreille River. It is surrounded by national forests and a few small towns, with the largest population on the lake at Sandpoint. The majority of the shoreline is non-populated. All but the southern tip of the lake is in Bonner County. The southern tip is in Kootenai County and is home to Farragut State Park, formerly the Farragut Naval Training Station during World War II of which a small part is still active and conducts US Navy acoustic underwater submarine research.</p><br>
<p>The surrounding forests consist of ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, red cedar, poplar, quaking aspen, hemlock, paper birch and western larch. Local animal species include white-tailed deer, elk, gray wolves, moose, mice, squirrels, black bears, grizzly bear, coyotes and bobcats, along with bald eagles, osprey, owls, hummingbirds, hawks, woodpeckers, ducks and the mountain bluebird. The lake is a home for several species of migratory water fowl.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Lake Pend Oreille was glacially formed during the ice age. It is also believed that the eastern side of the lake was in the path of the ancient Missoula Flood. The lake sits at the south end of the Purcell Trench, carved by glaciers moving south from Canada. The eastern side of the glacier is believed to have formed the dam for the Missoula flood, at the point where the Clark Fork river enters the lake between the Cabinet and Bitterroot mountains. The lake is made slightly larger by the dam at Albeni Falls, just east of Oldtown, Idaho. The dam is 90 ft high and operated by the Army Corp of Engineers. Along with Crater Lake, Lake Tahoe, Lake Chelan, and Lake Superior, it ranks as one of the five deepest lakes in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The area around the lake is the traditional home of the Kalispel Indian peoples. David Thompson established a North West Company trading post on the lake in 1809. A Canadian fur trader in Thompson&#39;s party is believed to have given the lake its name. The words "Pend Oreille" are French for an ear-hanging or pendant. Ear pendants were characteristic of the Kalispel tribe. The lake is shaped much like a human ear when viewed from above or on a map.</p><br>
<p>During World War II, the south end was the second largest naval training ground in the world. Built as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the training station is now Farragut State Park. The lake is still used by the Navy&#39;s Acoustic Research Detachment to test large-scale submarine prototypes: the significant depth gives acoustic properties similar to the open ocean.</p><br>
<h2>Other information</h2><br>
<p>The following towns are adjacent to the lake:</p><br>
<p>Sandpoint</p><br>
<p>Ponderay</p><br>
<p>Kootenai</p><br>
<p>Hope</p><br>
<p>Clark Fork</p><br>
<p>Bayview</p><br>
<p>Sagle</p><br>
<p>The lake is viewed from the Pend Oreille Scenic Byway, State Highway 200 along the north shore. Much of the shore is mountainous. The mountains to the east are the Green Monarchs; to the north are the Cabinet Mountains; to the southwest the Coeur d&#39;Alene Mountains; and to northwest are the Selkirk Mountains.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>For more information on the geology of Lake Pend Oreille see</p><br>
<p>Alt, David. Glacial Lake Missoula and Its Humongous Floods. Missoula, MT: Mountain Press Publishing Co., 2001</p><br>
<h2>Aquatic invasive species</h2><br>
<p>oversees Eurasian Milfoil treatment in Lake Pend Oreille. A group of Sandpoint moms, is concerned about this use of herbicides to treat milfoil.</p><br>
<h2>Fish</h2><br>
<p>The lake is home to many species of fish, including rainbow trout, lake trout, perch, black crappie, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, whitefish, walleye, northern pike and kokanee. Lake Pend Oreille is also the home of the 37 lb state record Kamloops rainbow trout caught by Wes Hamlet in 1947.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>The Never Summer Mountains are a mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in north central Colorado in the United States consisting of seventeen named peaks. The range is located along the northwest border of Rocky Mountain National Park, forming the continental divide between the headwaters of the Colorado River in Rocky Mountain National Park to the local-east and the upper basin of the North Platte River  to the local-west; the continental divide makes a loop in these mountains. The range is small and tall, covering only 25 square miles with a north-south length of 10 mi while rising to over 12,000 ft at over ten distinct peaks. The range straddles the Jackson-Grand county line for most of its length, and stretches into Jackson and Larimer county at its northern end. A panoramic view of the range is available from sections of Trail Ridge Road in Rocky Mountain National Park. One of the northernmost peaks, Nokhu Crags, is prominently visible from the west side of Cameron Pass.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The rocks of Never Summer Mountains are younger than most of the surrounding mountain ranges. They, along with the Rabbit Ears Range to the west, were formed by volcanic and intrusive processes 24-29 million years ago and consist mostly of igneous granitic formations along with preceding metamorphic formations. Most of the highest peaks in the range are granodiorite that was uplifted during the Miocene epoch. The range&#39;s highest summit, Mount Richthofen, is the remnant of an andesite volcanic plug. The Nokhu Crags in the north are mostly Pierre Shale dating from Cretaceous times. A large thrust fault underneath the Kawuneeche Valley thrust older Precambrian rocks on top of the younger Cretaceous rocks on the east side of the range. The southern peaks are Miocene-aged granite, and finally Precambrian-aged biotite gneiss and schist.</p><br>
<p>Beginning two-million years ago glaciers began carving the jagged peaks of the Never Summer Mountains. Successive waves of glaciation continued to reshape the mountains until the Pinedale Glaciation ended twelve-thousand years ago.</p><br>
<p>The peaks are enormous weathered masses of granitic rock heavily covered with green and orange lichens surrounded on all sides by large fields of talus shed from the original peaks. Many alpine lakes are nestled amongst the peaks. Most vegetation is low-growing and stunted. Few trees grow at the higher altitudes and Krummholz abounds.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1879 prospectors discovered silver on Mount Shipler, starting a small mining rush. A mining town was platted and given the name Lulu City 40&deg;26&prime;44&Prime;N latitude, 105&deg;50&prime;53&Prime;W longitude. Other small settlements were founded in the area, including Dutchtown, located high in Hitchens Gulch. The population swelled as high as 5,000 miners and business owners catering to those miners. However, low grade ore, combined with difficult transportation and lack of a local smelter to process the ore conspired against the boom. By late 1883 the mining rush ended and the miners moved on. The last miners in Dutchtown left by 1884. Today remnants of the towns and mines are accessible by hiking trails.</p><br>
<p>In 1890 a project called the Grand Ditch began. The ditch is a 16.2 mi water diversion project. Streams and creeks that flow from the highest peaks are diverted into the ditch, which flows over La Poudre pass, delivering the water into the Atlantic Basin for the use of eastern plains farmers. The ditch wasn&#39;t completed until 1936. The ditch diverts between 20 to 40% of the runoff from the Never Summer Mountains and significantly impacts the ecology in the valley below. In May 2003 a 100 ft section of the ditch breached causing the water to cascade down the slopes and into the Colorado River. The flood left a visible scar on the mountainside.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, members of the Arapaho tribe were brought to the region in a trip sponsored by the Colorado Mountain Club. The tribe members spent their youth in the area and were asked to offer the Native American names for the various peaks, lakes and other geographic features in the area. They called the range Ni-chebe-chii, which translates to Never No Summer. Locals eventually settled on Never Summer Mountains for the range.</p><br>
<p>Many of the peaks in the range are named after cloud types, such as Mount Cirrus and Mount Cumulus.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The range is frequented by hikers and backpackers in the summer, and skiers and snowshoers in the winter. The area sees some mountaineering activity, but the rock tends to be and the routes are dangerous. The Colorado River Trailhead in Rocky Mountain National Park has trails that lead to the Grand Ditch and remains of Lulu City. Trails from Cameron Pass lead to the Michigan Lakes, Lake Agnes and the Nokhu Crags area. Trails in nearby Routt National Forest lead to the Never Summer Wilderness on the western and southern edges of the range.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain Peaks</h2><br>
<p>Baker Mountain</p><br>
<p>Bald Mountain</p><br>
<p>Bearpaws Peak</p><br>
<p>Blue Ridge</p><br>
<p>Bowen Mountain</p><br>
<p>Braddock Peak</p><br>
<p>Cascase Mountain</p><br>
<p>Fairview Mountain</p><br>
<p>Flat Top Mountain</p><br>
<p>Gravel Mountain</p><br>
<p>Green Knoll</p><br>
<p>Howard Mountain</p><br>
<p>Iron Mountain</p><br>
<p>Jackstraw Mountain</p><br>
<p>Lead Mountain</p><br>
<p>Little Yellowstone</p><br>
<p>Lulu Mountain</p><br>
<p>Mineral Point</p><br>
<p>Mount Cindy</p><br>
<p>Mount Cirrus</p><br>
<p>Mount Cumulus</p><br>
<p>Mount Mahler</p><br>
<p>Mount Nimbus</p><br>
<p>Mount Neota</p><br>
<p>Mount Richthofen</p><br>
<p>Mount Stratus</p><br>
<p>Never Summer Peak</p><br>
<p>Nokhu Crags</p><br>
<p>Parika Peak</p><br>
<p>Porphyry Peak</p><br>
<p>Radial Mountain</p><br>
<p>Red Mountain</p><br>
<p>Ruby Mountain</p><br>
<p>Seven Utes Mountain</p><br>
<p>Shipler Mountain</p><br>
<p>Specimen Mountain</p><br>
<p>Static Peak</p><br>
<p>Teepee Mountain</p><br>
<p>Thunder Mountain</p><br>
<p>The Möhne Reservoir, or Moehne Reservoir, is an artificial lake in North Rhine-Westphalia, some 45 km east of Dortmund, Germany. The lake is formed by the damming of two rivers, Möhne and Heve, and with its four basins stores as much as 135 million cubic metres of water.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction and inauguration</h3><br>
<p>Calculations of the future demand for water for the people and industry in the growing Ruhr-area in 1904 had revealed that the existing dams in the river system of the Ruhr with a storage volume of 32.4 million m³ would require the triple amount. Thus was generated by the general assembly of the Ruhrtalsperreverein on November 28, 1904 an amendment to the construction of their own dams. The Möhnetalsperre was then in 1908 to 1913 built at a cost of 23.5 million marks. In the opening the dam was the largest dam in Europe. 140 homesteads with 700 people had to move.</p><br>
<p>It was built to help control floods, regulate water levels on the Ruhr river downstream, and generate hydropower. Today, the lake is also a tourist attraction.</p><br>
<h2>Second World War</h2><br>
<p>The dam (51.489307&deg;N latitude, 8.058772&deg;E longitude) was breached by RAF Lancaster Bombers (“The Dambusters”) during Operation Chastise on the night of 16–17 May 1943, together with the Edersee dam in northern Hesse. Bouncing bombs had been constructed which were able to skip over the protective nets that hung in the water. A huge hole of 77 m by 22 m was blown into the dam. The resulting huge floodwave killed at least 1,579 people, 1,026 of them foreign forced labourers held in camps downriver. The small city of Neheim-Hüsten was particularly hard-hit with over 800 victims, among them at least 526 victims in a camp for Russian women held for forced labour.</p><br>
<h2>Results of the bombing</h2><br>
<p>Though the Organisation Todt quickly repaired the dams with 7,000 men from the construction of the Atlantic Wall, the impact of the raid on German industry in the Ruhr valley and indeed on the civil population was significant. According to Albert Speer, "the power plant at the foot of the shattered dam looked as if it had been erased, along with its heavy turbines." "Industry was brought to a standstill", due to the "electrical installations being soaked and muddied." Three other reservoirs were still intact, though the largest, the Sorpe Dam, did have a hole, but it was above the water line. Another destroyed dam, the Edersee Dam, "had nothing to do with the supply of water to the Ruhr." The Mohne Dam was repaired by 23 September 1943, in time to collect water for needs the following summer, when the British failed to follow up with additional raids to hamper reconstruction.</p><br>
<h2>Further reading</h2><br>
<p>Helmuth Euler: „Als Deutschlands Dämme brachen. Die Wahrheit über die Bombardierung der Möhne-Eder-Sorpe-Staudämme 1943“. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1975.</p><br>
<p>Helmuth Euler: „Wasserkrieg – 17. Mai 1943. Rollbomben gegen die Möhne-Eder-Sorpe-Staudämme“. Eigenverlag, Werl 1992.</p><br>
<p>Wilfried Stichmann, Ursula Stichmann-Marny: Der Möhnesee. Ein Wasservogel-Paradies im Wandel der Zeit. Heimatverein Möhnesee, 2008.</p><br>
<p>Heinrich Zimmer: Die Möhnetalsperre. Mit sieben Illustrationen nach photographischen Original-Aufnahmen. In: Reclams Universum: Moderne illustrierte Wochenschrift 27.1 (1911), S. 367–370.</p><br>
<p>Lake Allatoona  is a USA Army Corps of Engineers reservoir in Georgia, located in northwestern metro Atlanta. The lake is mostly in southeastern Bartow County and southwestern Cherokee County. A small portion is located in Cobb County near Acworth. Cartersville is the nearest large city to Allatoona Dam. Red Top Mountain State Park is located on its shores, on the peninsula between the Etowah and Allatoona arms of the lake. Most of the north side of the lake remains protected from land development because of its isolated location, mostly blocked by the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Operations</h2><br>
<p>Allatoona serves seven authorized purposes:</p><br>
<p>Flood Control</p><br>
<p>Hydropower generation</p><br>
<p>Water supply</p><br>
<p>Recreation</p><br>
<p>Fish and wildlife management</p><br>
<p>Water quality</p><br>
<p>Navigation</p><br>
<p>There are several private marinas and public boat ramps.</p><br>
<p>Allatoona also supplies much of the drinking water for the three counties it is in. The lake is supplied mostly by the Etowah River, and its major tributary the Little River (which joins the lake at Bell&#39;s Ferry), and in turn Noonday Creek. The other major arm of the lake is Allatoona Creek, extending down to Acworth, where pre-existing Lake Acworth now empties directly into Allatoona at Lake Acworth Drive (Georgia 92). Other significant streams include Kellogg Creek and Rose Creek.</p><br>
<p>The Allatoona Dam holding back the lake was completed in 1949 on the Etowah, which in turn merges into the Coosa River downstream (northwest) at Rome. The basin upstream (mostly northeast) of Allatoona covers about 1,100 square miles. This is nearly as large as the basin of Lake Lanier (Atlanta&#39;s biggest water source), but since the Allatoona is smaller, it drains and fills more rapidly than Lanier during droughts and floods.</p><br>
<p>The lake&#39;s summer level has averaged 840 ft above mean sea level. During major droughts it has dropped as much as 13 ft below this, exposing old tree stumps and former hills which are normally submerged at depth safe for navigating boats. Its maximum capacity or flood stage is +23 ft, though it has never been known to reach this level, and flooding of boat ramps and other lakeside facilities begins to occur well below it.</p><br>
<p>Hydroelectric power generation at Allatoona returns more than $3.5 million to the USA Treasury annually.</p><br>
<p>The Corps of Engineers has 662 campsites on Allatoona.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Allatoona Pass was the site of an intensive 8-hour battle during the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War in June 1864. More than 1,500 Union and Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded or missing.</p><br>
<p>The lake was authorized by the Flood Control Acts of 1941 and 1946. The creekside town of Allatoona was destroyed by the creation of the lake. Several roads were also severed or rerouted, including Acworth Dallas Highway.</p><br>
<p>The general contractor for construction of Allatoona Dam was National Constructor Inc. The total cost of the Allatoona project for construction, land, clearing, and relocation was $31,500,000 in 1950.</p><br>
<p>The record high water on Allatoona of 861.19 ft occurred on April 9, 1964.</p><br>
<p>Visitors to Allatoona spent more than $12 million for consumable goods in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Corps collected more than $1 million in camping and day use fees in 2006.</p><br>
<p>From 1950 through 2006, 281 drownings have occurred in Allatoona.</p><br>
<p>The power plant began operation January 31, 1950. Since 1957 the summer pool elevation has been 840 ft AMSL. Since 1957 the winter draw-down has been 823 ft AMSL. Two municipalities withdraw water from the lake. The city of Cartersville uses 12,000,000 USgal/d. Cobb County-Marietta Water Authority uses 43,000,000 USgal/d.</p><br>
<p>During the late 1980s there was a prolonged drought. The peak of the drought in 1986 exposed vast portions of the lake bed revealing tree stumps, roads, and foundations of houses (Wilson&#39;s farm). Grass grew in some places and children were seen to mow the grass and play baseball on the newfound vacant lots.</p><br>
<p>In 1998 Allatoona clocked 86,813,126 hours, which were more visitor hours than any of the other 450 Corps of Engineer projects in the United States, and exceeded that in 2006 with more than 92 million visitor hours.</p><br>
<p>The presence of Allatoona Dam has prevented nearly $80 million in flood damages since 1950.</p><br>
<h2>Facilities</h2><br>
<h3>Marinas</h3><br>
<p>There are eight privately operated marinas that provide fuel, storage, boat repairs, rentals, supplies, and/ or other boater&#39;s needs.</p><br>
<p>There are also two yacht-clubs, one off Kellogg Creek Road towards the middle of the lake and the other off Red Top Mountain State Park Rd.</p><br>
<h3>Boat ramps</h3><br>
<p>The Corps of Engineers provides fifteen public boat ramps throughout the lake area located in three counties: Cobb, Cherokee and Bartow. These are used for water sports, water park area, paddle boating, picnic place, for the south-western part of the lake. Parking is provided.</p><br>
<h3>Recreation</h3><br>
<p>Camping: The Corps of Engineers operates several campgrounds and campsites on the Lake Allatoona area.</p><br>
<p>Hunting: All hunting seasons are set by the appropriate state or local governing authority. State hunting licenses are required at all areas open to hunting on the Corps of Engineers property. Georgia may require an additional stamp for hunting in WMA&#39;s (Wildlife Management Areas).</p><br>
<p>Teck was a ducal castle in the kingdom of Württemberg, immediately to the north of the Swabian Jura and south of the town of Kirchheim unter Teck . Burg Teck takes its name from the ridge, the Teckberg, 2,544 feet high, which it crowned. It was destroyed in the German Peasants&#39; War . The castle was reconstructed during the 19th and 20th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Foundation</h2><br>
<p>In 1863, the title "Prince of Teck" (Fürst von Teck) was conferred as a courtesy title by King William I of Württemberg upon the children of his cousin Duke Alexander of Württemberg (1804–85) by his morganatic marriage with Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde (1812–41), ennobled as countess of Hohenstein. In 1871, Prince Francis, the eldest son of Duke Alexander, was created Duke of Teck. His eldest son Adolphus (born 1868) was the holder of the title in 1910.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>In 1889 an observation tower with botty was built and inaugurated on 1 September 1889. In 1933 a hall was built near the tower called Mörike Hall. Since 6 June 1941 the buildings are owned by the Schwäbischer Albverein. From 1954-1955 the Mörikehalle became a restaurant with sleeping rooms. On 9 November 1999 the surroundings of the Teck became protected area (Naturschutzgebiet).</p><br>
<h2>Members</h2><br>
<p>The most famous of the Teck family is considered to be Duke Francis&#39;s daughter, Mary of Teck, who was queen consort to King George V of the United Kingdom and Empress of India.</p><br>
<p>Vembanad  is the longest lake in India, and the largest lake in the state of Kerala. It is also counted as one of the largest lakes in India. Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala, it is known as vembanadu Lake in Kottayam Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad, Kochi Lake in Kochi. Several groups of small islands including Vypin, Mulavukad, Vallarpadam, Willingdon Island are located in the Kochi Lake portion. Kochi Port is built around the Willingdon Island, and the Vallarpadam island.</p><br>
<p>The Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in a portion of the lake. High levels of pollution have been noticed at certain hotspots of the Vembanad backwaters. Government of India has identified the Vembanad wetland under National Wetlands Conservation Programme.</p><br>
<h2>Geography and hydrography</h2><br>
<p>The Vembanad wetland system covers an area of over 2033.02 km² thereby making it the largest wetland system in India. Of this, an area of 398.12 km² is located below the MSL and a total of 763.23 km² area is located below 1 m MSL. The lake is bordered by Alappuzha, Kottayam, and Ernakulam districts. It is situated at the sea level, and is separated from the Laccadive Sea by a narrow barrier island. Canals link the lake to other coastal lakes in the north and south. The lake surrounds the islands of Pathiramanal, Perumbalam and Pallippuram. The Vembanad Lake is approximately 14 kilometres wide at its widest point. The lake is a part of Vembanad-Kol wetland system which extends from Alappuzha in the south to Azheekkode in the north, making it by far, India&#39;s longest lake at just over 96.5 km in length. The lake is fed by 10 rivers flowing into it including the six major rivers of central Kerala namely the Achenkovil, Manimala, Meenachil, Muvattupuzha, Pamba and Periyar. The total area drained by the lake is 15,770 km², which accounts for 40% of the area of Kerala. Its annual surface runoff of 21,900 Mm accounts for almost 30% of the total surface water resource of the state.</p><br>
<p>The most popular location on the shores of the lake is the Kumarakom Tourist Village situated on the east coast of the lake. The Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is located on the northern fringes of Kumarakom village. The Vembanad Wetland system was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands in 2002. It is the largest of the three Ramsar Sites in the state of Kerala. Vembanad lake has been heavily reclaimed over the course of the past century with the water spread area reducing from 290.85 km² in 1917 to 227 km² in 1971 and 213.28 km² in 1990. In the same period almost 63.62 km of erstwhile water spread were reclaimed primarily for formation of polders and to enlarge the extent of the Wellington island of Cochin port. The lake faces a major ecological crisis and has reduced to 37 per cent of its original area, as a result of land reclamation.</p><br>
<p>A unique characteristic of the lake is the 1,252 m-long Thanneermukkom salt water barrier constructed as a part of the Kuttanad Development Scheme to prevent tidal action and intrusion of salt water into the Kuttanad low-lands. It is the largest mud regulator in India and essentially divides the lake into two parts - one with perennial brackish water and the other with fresh water from rivers draining into the lake. This barrier has helped farmers in Kuttanad by freeing the area of salinity and allowing them an additional crop in the dry season. The Thanneermukkom barrier is located at one of the narrower parts of the Vembanad Lake. Only two-thirds of the original number of gates are opened in July to release flood flow. These gates remain closed until mid-November. The main drawback of the structure has been the loss of opportunity for fish and prawns to migrate upstream, and also an increase in weed growth in the upstream, severely restricting the natural flushing of pollutants. The Thanneermukkom bund has also created ecological problems, primarily, the rampant propagation of the Water Hyacinth in fresh water.</p><br>
<h2>Cities</h2><br>
<p>Over 1.6 million people live on the banks of the Vembanad lake and are directly or indirectly dependent on it for their livelihoods.</p><br>
<p>The port of Kochi (Cochin) is located at the lake&#39;s outlet to the Laccadive Sea. The town of Alappuzha (also known as Allepey), sometimes called the "Venice of the East" for its large network of canals that meander through the town - is sandwiched between the lake and the Laccadive sea.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Vembanad Lake is at the heart of Kerala Backwaters tourism with hundreds of kettuvallams plied on it and numerous resorts on its banks. The Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary is located on the east coast of the lake. The lake has become a major tourist attraction. A generally safe destination, this place had just one incident of tourist harassment in 2004 as reported in The Times of India.</p><br>
<h2>Inland transport</h2><br>
<p>The Vembanad Wetland system has formed an intricate network of estuaries, lagoons and canals which spans over 196 km in the north-south and 29 km in the east-west directions. Almost all villages in these areas can be accessed via water transport. The major rivers of Muvattupuzha, Meenachil, Pamba and Achencovil rivers, are all navigable up to distances of about 30 km upstream in the tidal reach. The Kottappuram-Kollam segment of the west coast canal system has a major chunk passing through the Vembanad Lake and spans a total of 209 km. It has been declared as a National Waterway.</p><br>
<h2>Ecological importance</h2><br>
<p>Vembanad Kol Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands. It is home to more than 20,000 waterfowls - the third largest such population in India. It is also an ideal habitat for shrimps. Major livelihood activities of the people living on the shores of the lake include agriculture, fishing, tourism, inland navigation, coir retting, lime shell collection. The uncontrolled mining of shells from the lake bed is also posing a threat to the eco-system. The sewage effluents and the heavy load of organic material released from the neighboring areas including a medical college at Alappuzha is let into the water and are responsible for the decrease in dissolved oxygen content in the water in the water body.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>Vembanad Wetland is hosting many of migratory birds in the season. In addition to this the fragile ecosystem carries more than 100 birds as native. In comes in the way o Central Asian flyway. Tourism in this area is affecting the ecosystem and hence the life of 16 million people depending it.</p><br>
<p>Ashtamudi Lake , in the Kollam District of the Indian state of Kerala, is the most visited backwater and lake in the state. It possesses a unique wetland ecosystem and a large palm-shaped  water body, second only in size to the Vembanad estuary ecosystem of the state. Ashtamudi means eight coned  in the local Malayalam language. The name is indicative of the lake&#39;s topography with its multiple branches. The lake is also called the gateway to the backwaters of Kerala and is well known for its houseboat and backwater resorts.</p><br>
<p>Ashtamudi Wetland was included in the list of wetlands of international importance, as defined by the Ramsar Convention for the conservation and sustainable utilization of wetlands.</p><br>
<p>Along both banks of the lake and its backwater canals, coconut groves and palm trees interspersed with towns and villages are seen. Kollam, (formerly Quilon) is an important historic port city located on the right bank of the lake. Boat cruises are operated by the Kollam Boat Club from Kollam to Alappuzha providing transport access to many other towns and villages along this route. Luxury houseboats also operate on the lake. The boat journey is an 8-hour trip, winds through lakes, canals and water bound villages, and gives complete exposure to the beauty of the backwaters of Ashtamudi Lake. Chinese fishing nets, called cheena vala in Malayalam, are used by local fisherman and are a common sight along the waterway.</p><br>
<p>The lake and the city of Kollam on its banks and the Neendakara port at the confluence offer a means of transport for the state’s trade and commerce in the cashew trading and processing industry as well as the marine products industry.</p><br>
<p>The lake is the source of livelihood for people living close by from fishing, coconut husk retting for coir production and inland navigation services.</p><br>
<p>In 2014,Clam Governing Council of Ashtamudi lake became the first Marine Stewardship Council certified fishery in India for their sustainable clam fishing.</p><br>
<p>The lake and the life on its shores have inspired many artists and writers. It has been the subject of many poems by the renowned poet Thirunalloor Karunakaran who was born and brought up on its banks.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Quilon or Kollam and inevitably the Ashtamudi lake&#39;s importance is claimed to be dated to the days of the Phoenicians and the Romans. Ibn Batuta, during his 24-year sojourn in the 14th century, is reported to have mentioned about the Quilon port as one of the five ports for Chinese trade. Links with Persia (9th century), Chinese mandarin in 1275 AD, Portuguese in 1502 AD, and the Dutch followed British in 1795 AD are recorded history. Velu Thampi is credited with organizing the rebellion against the British from this place.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Considering Kollam as the entry city to the lake, access to the lake are to the Thiruvananthapuram International Airport, 71 km away and by road to almost all important centres in Kerala and the rest of the country. National Highway 47 (NH 47) passes through the lake periphery not only from Quilon but also to other locations on its bank from Thiruvananthapuram to the northern towns of Kerala. Southern Railways network of metre gauge and broad gauge lines connects with Quilon and to all important centres in the rest of the country. The metre gauge train journey from Quilon to Chennai via Madurai is stated to offer a picturesque journey. Ferry services operate daily to Alleppey and boats operate to all villages located in the canals of the backwater system. The boat jetty is located at about 3 km away from the railway station. Famous Paravur estuary and backwaters are just 21 kilometer away from Ashtamudi.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Kallada River is a major river discharging into the Ashtamudi Lake. The Kallada river, which originates near Ponmudi from the Kulathupuzha hills Western Ghats is formed by the confluence of three rivers, viz., Kulathupuzha, Chenthurnipuzha, and Kalthuruthipuzha, and after traversing a distance of about 121 km through virgin forests finally debouches into the Ashtamudi wetland at Neendakara (a fishing harbour) near Kollam as it enters the Laccadive Sea. With a maximum depth of 21 ft at the confluence, it is Kerala’s deepest estuary.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>Quaternary and Tertiary sediments and sedimentary rocks are the formations in the lake basin and environs. The Quaternary sediments are of marine and fluvial alluvium of recent age. Tertiary sediments comprise laterite, sandstones and clays of Warkalai formation.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The average annual runoff from the river system into the estuary is reported to be 76 cubic kilometers of freshwater. The basin drainage area is 1,700 km (660 mi) and with an average annual rainfall of 2400 mm (94 in) it discharges 3.375 km (2,740,000 ac·ft) of flow annually. It acts as a flood storage lake thus protecting the thickly populated city of Quilon (Kollam) and the coastal land. The Kallada dam built across the Kallada river is 85.3 m high by 35 m long (280 ft by 115 ft) with a reservoir area of 23 km (8.9 mi) with a storage volume of 0.505 km (409,000 ac·ft). Though it provides irrigation to 61630 ha for paddy and upland crops, it has aggravated the salinity ingress into the wetland and the river due to reduced outflows during summer months.</p><br>
<p>Temperatures recorded in the area are a maximum of 27.5 &deg;C and a minimum of 25.5 &deg;C. The climate is hot and humid during April–May while cool during December–January.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>Ashtamudi Estuary has mangroves Avicennia officinalis, Brugiera gymnorrhiza and Sonneratia caseolaris as also 43 species of marshy and mangrove associates including two endangered species Syzygium travancoricum (endangered species according to the Red Data Book of Indian Plants) and Calamus rotang in the Terrestrial system. These species offer excellent scope for development of marine bioreserve to promote eco-tourism in the estuarine of the lake. IUCN lists the two endangered species in IUCN 2008. The total number of Syzygium travancoricum is reported to be very small, not more than 200. The major threats to the endangered species are reportedly draining of the wet lands and conversion into paddy fields.</p><br>
<h2>Avifauna</h2><br>
<p>The lake supports 57 species of avifauna, of which 6 are migratory and 51 resident species. It is also reported that about 40 species of wetland-dependent birds are recorded in the lake, out of which 45% are long-distance migrants. Terns, plovers, cormorants, and herons are most abundant birds in the lake.</p><br>
<p>A study report has identified 45 insect species, including 26 species of butterfly, 5 odonates, 9 hymenopteras, and 2 orthopterans, 1 hemipteran and 2 coleopterans. About 29 zooplankton species have also been identified.</p><br>
<p>The water body is found to have 9 phytoplanktons such as Amphora, Borosigma, Cyclotella, Cymbella, Gyrozigma, Meloziva, Navicula and Nitzschi.</p><br>
<h2>Aquafauna</h2><br>
<p>World Wildlife Fund (WWF) reports 97 species of fish (42 are typically marine, 3 estuarine, 9 estuarine-riverine, 15 marine-estuarine) and unique copepod species. It is also a congenial habitat for all species of penaeid and palaemonid Prawns, edible crabs, paphia malabarica (short neck Clams) and a variety of fish.Clams found in the estuary are exported. The estuary is the source of livelihood for thousands of fishermen and is stated to be the second biggest fish-landing centre after the Vembanad estuary.</p><br>
<h2>Islands in the lake</h2><br>
<p>Munroe Island (Munroethuruth) is a cluster of eight tiny islands in Ashtamudi Lake.</p><br>
<p>Chavara South, a small village, an island within the Ashtamudi Lake, located 14 km away from Quilon on the National Highway NH 47, is reported to be mineral rich with number of factories for extraction and export of titanium and other minerals. Effluent from the factories is reported to be causing pollution of the lake waters.</p><br>
<p>Thekkumbhagom island, situated on the bank of the Ashtamudi Lake, provides an enchanting natural beauty and also feel of rustic life of a village. The significance of this village is due the fact that the first epic poetry in the Malayalam language, Ramachandravilasam, was composed by the poet Azhakath Padmanabha Kurup in this village. An ancient 1000-year-old temple and a 200-year-old church are located here.</p><br>
<h2>Economic evaluation of the lake's resources</h2><br>
<p>An evaluation of the marketed use benefits of Ashtamudi estuary (valued using market valuation approach) has assessed the total direct use value at Rs.66.8 million per annum; coconut husk retting accounts for Rs.5.1 million, Inland navigation service accounts for Rs.3.7 million and the recreation benefit is assessed at Rs.1.5 million (using the standard travel cost method). But this is reported to be showing a downward trend, particularly in fish resources in the estuary. This evaluation provides an insight into the economic importance of conserving Ashtamudi estuary.</p><br>
<h2>Deterioration of the lake environment</h2><br>
<p>The following are reported to be the reasons for deterioration of the lake environment:</p><br>
<p>Intense anthropogenic pressure.</p><br>
<p>Oil spills from thousands of fishing boats and from industries in the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>Dwindling of the fragile lake zone due to conversion/destruction of natural habitats for development purposes (reported that the lake which had an area of 54 km according to old survey reports has shrunk to 34 km due to encroachments)</p><br>
<p>Large quantities of untreated sewage, disposal of human excreta, and the pollution from paper mills, industries (aluminum, ceramics, seafood), as well as from coconut husk retting.</p><br>
<p>Many fish species may have become extinct due to lack of spawning facilities on the banks of the lake due to canalization of the lake’s banks by walls built of laterite and granite stones (these walls reportedly cover 80 per cent of the lake&#39;s banks)</p><br>
<h3>Extinction of Kanjiracode creek</h3><br>
<p>Kanjiracode creek on the south-east end of the lake, one arm of the Ashtamudi, has suffered extinction due to the dumping of waste earth and clay into the lake by the Kerala Ceramics Limited (KCL) at Kundara, a state government-owned public sector unit. A university professor who has studied this aspect wonders</p><br>
<p>whether the lake would have to be soon rechristened "Sapthamudi" or the lake with seven locks of hair.</p><br>
<p>The loss to people due to destruction of the creek is stated to be:</p><br>
<p>a) "Karimeen" (pearl spot) and "kanambu" (mullet) fish varieties once the livelihood of fishermen have disappeared and resulting in the migration of the fishermen to Paravur and Varkala in the south and even Kannur in the north.</p><br>
<p>b) People dependent on coir for a livelihood used the lake to soak husks but now the Kanjiracode coir industry is non-existent due to closure of the creek resulting in migration of coir workers to other places for a living.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration plans</h2><br>
<p>The Asia Development Assistance Facility of the New Zealand Government has carried out a study with the objective of evolving a management plan for sustainable management of the estuary for ecosystem development. The shores of the lake are home to important species of rare birds and animals. Any decisions made concerning the Ashtamudi Estuarys resources and its sustainable management significance is dictated by about a million people who live on its shores and the large species of rare birds and animals which provide the equally important biodiversity to the lakes environs. The Plan envisages:</p><br>
<p>Identify and phase out of the pollution sources</p><br>
<p>Better sanitation, reduction of industrial growth and reduction of urban waste to ensure the maintainable water quality of the estuary.</p><br>
<p>Address the declining fish stock production through concerted efforts to conserve the fish stock of the estuary in a sustainable manner and with community participation</p><br>
<p>Product diversification of coir to ensure better economic returns to people with the coordination of self-help groups</p><br>
<p>Improved shore protection through mangrove afforestation for ecosystem development on the banks of the estuary</p><br>
<p>Mining to be allowed selectively at village level, away from the banks of the lake</p><br>
<p>Discontinue estuary reclamation</p><br>
<p>Set defined navigation routes undisturbed by fishing nets</p><br>
<p>Neendakara port to be provided with improved sanitation facilities, enhanced boat-fuelling terminals and drainage terminals.</p><br>
<p>Promote ecotourism with better facilities of inland navigation and services in the form of:</p><br>
<p>developing of marine bio-reserve, nature island and mangrove conservation area</p><br>
<p>visits to temples nearby and other places of cultural and archeological importance</p><br>
<p>visits to coir-producing villages, rubber-producing villages, rice fields, fish hatcheries and other biodiversity hot spots</p><br>
<p>The above activities have been suggested for implementation in the Vellimon Kayal, a relatively unspoiled part of the estuary.</p><br>
<p>With funds provided by the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests, revival of mangrove forests was done which is reported to be partially successful (out of 2,40,000 mangrove saplings planted over a period of two years 30,000 are reported to be surviving).</p><br>
<p>Simon Gratz High School is a secondary school in Philadelphia. An inner-city school, it is perhaps best known for its famous alumni . Originally a public school directly operated by the School District of Philadelphia, Gratz has been operated as a charter school by Mastery Charter since September 2011. Students from the previous public school&#39;s enrollment area are eligible to attend. It is the fifth Philadelphia high school operated by Mastery.</p><br>
<p>Situated at the southeast corner of the intersection of 18th St. & Hunting Park Ave., its address is 1798 Hunting Park Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19140.</p><br>
<p>In 2012, the school was removed from Persistently Dangerous Schools List while under the new management of Mastery Charter Schools.</p><br>
<h2>Neighborhoods served</h2><br>
<p>The Temple University graduate and family housing unit, Triangle Apartment Complex, is zoned to Simon Gratz.</p><br>
<h2>School uniforms</h2><br>
<p>Gratz students are required to wear school uniforms, consisting of red Simon Gratz uniform shirts, black pants or black shirt, and any color shoes.</p><br>
<h2>Notable alumni</h2><br>
<p>William Lee Akers, civil rights lawyer</p><br>
<p>Roy Campanella, MLB player</p><br>
<p>Roderick Coleman, NFL player</p><br>
<p>Mardy Collins, NBA player</p><br>
<p>Eddie Fisher, singer</p><br>
<p>William H. Gray III, USA Congressman and CEO, United Negro College Fund</p><br>
<p>Grayson Hall, television, film and stage actress</p><br>
<p>Edwin L. Hymovitz, classical composer and pianist</p><br>
<p>Leroy Kelly, NFL player</p><br>
<p>Joan Little, activist</p><br>
<p>Herman Mattleman, Philadelphia school board president</p><br>
<p>Aaron McKie, NBA player and coach</p><br>
<p>Nathan Milstein, virtuoso violinist</p><br>
<p>Alvin Mitchell, American football player</p><br>
<p>Neef Buck, rapper</p><br>
<p>Lobo Nocho, émigré jazz singer and painter in Europe</p><br>
<p>Aaron Owens, streetball player</p><br>
<p>Harvey Pollack, NBA statistician</p><br>
<p>Ivan Robinson, professional boxer</p><br>
<p>Artie Singer, songwriter, music producer and bandleader</p><br>
<p>Lynard Stewart, professional basketball player</p><br>
<p>Meldrick Taylor, 1984 Olympic gold medalist amateur boxer, Professional boxer</p><br>
<p>Rasheed Wallace, NBA player</p><br>
<p>Young Chris, rapper</p><br>
<p>Earl Watford, NFL player</p><br>
<p>Nellie Baker, concert pianist</p><br>
<p>Edward J. Needleman, Philadelphia legend.</p><br>
<p>The Caniapiscau Reservoir  is a reservoir on the upper Caniapiscau River in the Côte-Nord administrative region of the Canadian province of Quebec. It is the largest body of water in Quebec and the second largest reservoir in Canada.</p><br>
<p>The Caniapiscau Reservoir, formed by two dams and forty-three dikes, is the largest reservoir in surface area of the James Bay Project. As headpond, it feeds the power plants of the La Grande complex in the winter and provides up to 35% of their production. Its total catchment area is about 36,800 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir was named after Lake Caniapiscau that was flooded during the formation of the reservoir. The name is an adaptation of the Cree or Innu toponym kâ-neyâpiskâw, which means "rocky point". Albert Peter Low had noted in 1895 that "a high rocky headland jutts into the lake." He probably referred to the northwest facing peninsula that gives the reservoir the shape of an arc as we current know it.</p><br>
<p>The Caniapiscau Reservoir is accessible by bush plane and, since 1981, by a gravel road from James Bay (the Trans-Taiga Road). At the very end of this road, near the Duplanter spillway, is the former worksite of the Société d&#39;énergie de la Baie-James, named Caniapiscau. There is no permanent human habitation at the reservoir, but it is used by outfitters for seasonal hunting and fishing expeditions and by some Cree for subsistence fishing and trapping. It is isolated from society and there are very few gas stations or other services nearby.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The natural lakes of the region were formed about nine thousand years ago as glaciers left Quebec after having scoured the Canadian Shield for ninety thousand years. The prototype of these lakes was an ice dam lake that drained southwards into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence at a time when areas further north (Nunavik) were still glaciated. As post-glacial rebound elevated the southern part of the Canadian Shield more rapidly than the north, the region began to drain northward into the Caniapiscau River, a tributary of the Koksoak River, and ultimately into Ungava Bay.</p><br>
<p>Prior to impoundment, Lake Caniapiscau covered about 470 km&sup2; and was frequented by hunters and fur traders in the 19th century. In 1834, the Hudson&#39;s Bay Company opened an outpost there to link its facilities in the James Bay region with those of Ungava Bay, but closed the Kaniapiskau Post in 1870.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, Société d&#39;énergie de la Baie James, a subsidiary of Hydro-Québec, began construction on the Caniapiscau Reservoir, designed to feed the hydro-electric generating stations of the James Bay Project. Filling the reservoir began on October 25, 1981, and over the next three years it flooded numerous lakes such as Lakes Caniapiscau, Delorme, Brisay, Tournon, and Vermouille. It now fills a depression in the highest part of the Laurentian Plateau of the Canadian Shield, covering 4,318 km&sup2, or about four times the size of the natural lakes prior to impoundment.</p><br>
<p>Since August 1985, the Caniapiscau River was partially diverted to the west into the Laforge River of the La Grande River watershed, flowing west to James Bay.</p><br>
<p>Many new islands were created as a result of the lakes impoundment, and in 1997 Quebecs Commission de toponymie published a map naming those islands for significant works of Quebecois literature. The names of the islands attracted controversy not only because they exclusively used French-language works, but also because Cree and Inuit First Nations leaders claimed that the sites already had native names, which were ignored and overwritten.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>The Caniapiscau Reservoir is in the zone of discontinuous permafrost. The area surrounding the reservoir is vegetated entirely with taiga, or boreal forest, characterized by widely spaced Black Spruce with a thick underlayer of yellow-grey lichen and interspersed with muskeg and bogs. In the more moist areas, some closed coniferous forest stands may appear. On the more exposed land, a forest-tundra transition zone occurs where the woodland is replaced by lichen dominated tundra.</p><br>
<p>Presidents Park, located in Washington, D.C., encompasses the White House including the Eisenhower Executive Office Building, the Treasury Building , and grounds; the White House Visitor Center; Lafayette Square; and The Ellipse. Presidents Park was the original name of Lafayette Square. The current Presidents Park is administered by the National Park Service. The park is officially referred to as Presidents Park or The White House and President&#39;s Park.</p><br>
<h2>White House</h2><br>
<p>Washington, D.C. was designated as the site for the United States capital in the 1790 Residence Act, with authority given to President George Washington to ready the capital for the government by 1800. Contests were held to solicit designs for both the United States Capitol and the Presidents residence. James Hobans design was selected, and he supervised the construction. Later on, the White House was expanded with the West Wing, which now houses the office of the president and staff. The White House grounds include the South Lawn, Rose Garden, Jacqueline Kennedy Garden, and North Lawn.</p><br>
<h2>Lafayette Square</h2><br>
<p>Lafayette Square is a 6.97 acre (28,191 m²) public park located directly north of the White House on H Street, bounded by Jackson Place on the west, Madison Place on the east, and Pennsylvania Avenue. The square and the surrounding structures were designated a National Historic Landmark District in 1970. Planned as part of the pleasure grounds surrounding the Executive Mansion, this square was originally called "President&#39;s Park", which is now the name of the larger National Park Service unit. The park was separated from the White House grounds in 1804, when President Thomas Jefferson had Pennsylvania Avenue cut through. In 1824, the park was officially renamed in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, the Frenchman who fought in the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>Lafayette Square has been used as a racetrack, a graveyard, a zoo, a slave market, an encampment for soldiers during the War of 1812, and many political protests and celebrations. Andrew Jackson Downing landscaped Lafayette Square in 1851 in the picturesque style.</p><br>
<h2>The Ellipse</h2><br>
<p>President&#39;s Park South (commonly called the Ellipse) is a 52 acre park located just south of the White House fence. Properly, the Ellipse is the name of the five-furlong (1 km) circumference street within the park. The entire park is open to the public, and features various monuments. The Ellipse is also the location for a number of annual events. D.C. locals can often be heard to say they are "on the Ellipse", which is understood to mean that the individual is on the field that is bounded by Ellipse Road.</p><br>
<p>The park was conceived in 1791, the first plan for the park was drawn up by Pierre (Peter) Charles L&#39;Enfant, and during the American Civil War, the grounds of the Ellipse and incomplete Washington Monument were used as corrals for horses, mules, and cattle, and as camp sites for Union troops. The Army Corps of Engineers began work on the Ellipse in 1867 and worked on it through the late 1880s.</p><br>
<h2>White House Visitor Center</h2><br>
<p>The White House Visitor Center is located in the north end of the Herbert C. Hoover Building (the Department of Commerce headquarters between 14th Street and 15th Street on Pennsylvania Avenue NW). Since September 11, 2001, the visitor center no longer serves as a starting point for those going on a reserved tour of the White House. The various exhibits provide an alternative visitor experience for those who did not schedule a tour. The themes of the six permanent exhibits are First Families, Symbols & Images, White House Architecture, White House Interiors, Working White House, and Ceremonies and Celebrations. Other exhibits change throughout the year.</p><br>
<p>Pico de São Tomé is the highest mountain in São Tomé and Príncipe at 2,024 metres. It lies just west of the centre of São Tomé Island in the Obo National Park and is inside Lembá District due west of the district boundaries of Cantagalo and Caué as well as the village of Bombaim and due east of Santa Catarina. The second highest point, Pico Ana Chaves, lies to its south east.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The entire island of São Tomé is a massive shield volcano which rises from the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, over 3,000 m below sea level. It formed along the Cameroon line, a linear rift zone extending from Cameroon southwest into the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the lava erupted on São Tomé over the last million years has been basalt. The youngest dated rock on the island is about 100,000 years old, but numerous more recent cinder cones are found on the southeast side of the island.</p><br>
<p>On old maps of São Tomé and Príncipe, the mountain is named "Pico Gago Coutinho", after Portuguese naval officer Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho (1869–1959) who, together with Sacadura Cabral (1881–1924), was the first to cross the South Atlantic Ocean by air.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is clad in forest. On the lower slopes are plantations of coffee and cocoa, and higher up are large trees swathed in orchids, lichens and other epiphytes. The upper parts of the mountain are often swathed in mist. It can be climbed from two sides. One way starts above the Ponta Figo plantation and necessitates a camp at Pico Mesa at 1,875 m. The summit can then be reached in about an hour before descending via Carvalho to the Bombaim Plantation house. The other route ascends from the botanic garden at Bom Sucesso to Carvalho where there is a rest area and camping facilities. On the next day, the summit can be reached with a descent being made to Ponta Figo. The ascent can be made in a single eighteen hour hike from Ponta Figo, but this does not allow much time for viewing the flora and fauna. The trek is not difficult but the often rainy weather tends to make the path very slippery.</p><br>
<h2>Panoramics</h2><br>
<p>The mountain can be seen from almost anywhere on the island except in some valleys and hollows and its surrounding islets especially the national capital São Tomé.</p><br>
<p>Argyroupoli  is a suburb in the southern part of the Athens agglomeration, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the Elliniko-Argyroupoli municipality, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The citys name derives from the Greek words άργυρος (árgyros meaning silver) and πόλη (poli meaning city). The names older form was Argyroupolis. The first name of the settlement was New Argyroupolis, given by the refugees from Gümüşhane.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As a part of the population exchange between Greece and Turkey after the Greco-Turkish war of 1919-1922, a number of refugees fled to Attica from the former Ottoman Empire. In 1926, refugees from Argyroupolis in northeastern Turkey (modern Gümüşhane meaning "silver house") arrived in site, then named Ktima Geroulanou (Κτήμα Γερουλανου). They named the new settlement Nea Argyroupolis as a remembrance to their old hometown. There was persumambly much resemblance between the two towns as, Argyroupoli is built on a plain with the Hymettus mountain to its north, as Gümüşhane is built on a plain with the Pontic Alps to the north. One of the first tasks of the settlers was to build the church of Αγία Βαρβάρα (St. Barbara), named after the patron saint of the now Turkish city.</p><br>
<p>During the Second World War, the settlement was used by the Germans to protect their ammunition and airplanes that were stationed in the nearby airfield. On December 6, 1943, the settlement was bombed by the RAF. Although there were reportedly no casualties amongst the population, the settlement was razed to the ground.</p><br>
<p>The settlement was part of the community of Kalamaki until 1949, when it became a separate community. It was elevated to municipality status in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Argyroupoli is situated on the southwestern foot of the Hymettus mountain, 9 km south of Athens city centre. The municipality has an area of 8.228 km. It borders Ilioupoli municipality to the North, Alimos municipality and Elliniko municipal district to the West and Glyfada municipality to the South.</p><br>
<p>The city is traversed by the Vouliagmenis Avenue, connecting downtown Athens with the southern suburbs. The three major shopping districts are Kyprou Avenue, M. Geroulanou Avenue and part of Vouliagmenis Avenue. Numerous public bus lines run through Argyroupoli connecting the city with Athens center and Glyfada. The subway stations that serve the suburb are Argyroupoli metro station and Alimos metro station.</p><br>
<p>Argyroupoli has a mild climate, affected by the sea and the mountain. It rarely snows, but rain is common. During summer, high temperatures are recorded.</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<h2>International relations</h2><br>
<h3>Twin towns – Sister cities</h3><br>
<p>Argyroupoli is twinned with:</p><br>
<p>Castanet-Tolosan, France</p><br>
<p>Moncalieri, Italy</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Katerina Georgiadou, fashion model</p><br>
<p>Ioannis Papazisis, actor</p><br>
<p>Vanessa Adamopoulou, singer</p><br>
<p>Kostas Tsakonas, actor</p><br>
<p>The Tiber Island  is the only island in the part of the Tiber river which runs through Rome. Tiber Island is located in the southern bend of the Tiber.</p><br>
<p>The island is boat-shaped, approximately 270 m long and 67 m wide, and has been connected with bridges to both sides of the river since antiquity. Being a seat of the ancient temple of Asclepius and later a hospital, the island is associated with medicine and healing. The Fatebenefratelli Hospital founded in the 16th century, and the Basilica of St. Bartholomew on the Island dating from the 10th century are located on the island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island has been linked to the rest of Rome by two bridges since antiquity, and was once called Insula Inter-Duos-Pontes which means "the island between the two bridges". The Ponte Fabricio, the only original bridge in Rome, connects the island from the northeast to the Field of Mars in the rione Sant&#39;Angelo (left bank). The Ponte Cestio, of which only some original parts survived, connects the island to Trastevere on the south (right bank).</p><br>
<p>There is a legend which says that after the fall of the hated tyrant Tarquinius Superbus (510 BC), the angry Romans threw his body into the Tiber. His body then settled onto the bottom where dirt and silt accumulated around it and eventually formed Tiber Island. Another version of the legend says that the people gathered up the wheat and grain of their despised ruler and threw it into the Tiber, where it eventually became the foundation of the island.</p><br>
<p>In ancient times, before Christianity spread through Rome, Tiber Island was avoided because of the negative stories associated with it. Only the worst criminals and the contagiously ill were condemned there. This however changed when a temple was built on the island.</p><br>
<h3>Temple of Aesculapius (3rd century BC)</h3><br>
<p>Tiber Island was once the location of an ancient temple to Aesculapius, the Greek god of medicine and healing.</p><br>
<p>Accounts say that in 293 BC, there was a great plague in Rome. Upon consulting the Sibyl, the Roman Senate was instructed to build a temple to Aesculapius, the Greek god of healing, and sent a delegation to Epidauros to obtain a statue of the deity. The delegation went on board a ship to sail out and obtain a statue.</p><br>
<p>Following their belief system, they obtained a snake from a temple and put it on board their ship. It immediately curled itself around the ship&#39;s mast and this was deemed as a good sign by them. Upon their return up the Tiber river, the snake slithered off the ship and swam onto the island. They believed that this was a sign from Aesculapius, a sign which meant that he wanted his temple to be built on that island.</p><br>
<p>This location may have been chosen for the Aesculapius Temple because it was separate from the rest of the city, which could help protect whoever was there from plague and illnesses.</p><br>
<p>The island eventually became so identified with the temple it supported that it was modeled to resemble a ship as a reminder of how it came to be. Travertine facing was added in mid or late first century by the banks to resemble a ships prow and stern, and an obelisk was erected in the middle, symbolizing the vessels mast. Walls were put around the island, and it came to resemble a Roman ship. Faint vestiges of Aesculapius&#39; rod with an entwining snake are still visible on the "prow".</p><br>
<h4>Additional Roman shrines</h4><br>
<p>After the Temple of Aesculapius, shrines dedicated to other deities were also erected after the 2nd century BC, namely:</p><br>
<p>Jupiter Jurarius ("guarantor of oaths")</p><br>
<p>Semo Sancus Dius Fidius, also a witness of oath</p><br>
<p>Gaia, yet another witness of oath</p><br>
<p>Faunus, boundary deity</p><br>
<p>Vejovis, god of healing</p><br>
<p>Tiberinus, river god</p><br>
<p>Bellona, war goddess</p><br>
<h3>After Ancient Rome</h3><br>
<p>In time, the obelisk was removed and replaced with a cross-topped column. After it was destroyed in 1867, Pope Pius IX had an aedicula, called "Spire", put in its place. This monument, designed by Ignazio Jacometti, is decorated with statues of four saints related to the island: St. Bartholomew, St. Paulinus of Nola, St. Francis and St. John. Parts of the obelisk are now in the museum in Naples.</p><br>
<p>In 998 Emperor Otto III had a basilica, that of San Bartolomeo allIsola, built over the Aesculapius temples ruins on the eastern side (downstream end) of the island. This was dedicated to his friend, the martyr Adalbert of Prague; the name of St. Bartholomew was added only later. In the early 20th century, prior to the Fascist regimes restoration of ancient place names, the Tiber Island was called the Isola di S. Bartolomeo. Likewise, Cestius Bridge was called the Ponte S. Bartolomeo.</p><br>
<p>The island is still considered a place of healing because a hospital, founded in 1584, was built on the island and is still operating. It is staffed by the Hospitaller Order of St. John of God or "Fatebenefratelli". The hospital was not built on the same spot as the temple, but stands on the western half of the island.</p><br>
<p>According to the documentary My Italian Secret, when the Nazis occupied Rome in 1943 and started rounding up the Jews, Dr. Borromeo, head of the hospital, invented a “deadly” and highly contagious illness he dubbed “Il Morbo di K” to keep the SS away and protect those Jews hiding inside the wards, just a stone’s throw from the Ghetto.</p><br>
<h2>Festivals</h2><br>
<p>During summer, the island hosts the Isola del Cinema film festival.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The island serves as the players headquarters in the 2010 action-adventure stealth video game Assassins Creed: Brotherhood.</p><br>
<p>The Aldrich Public Library is the public library serving the city of Barre, Vermont. It is located at 6 Washington Street in the city center, in an architecturally distinguished Classical Revival building constructed in 1907-08 with funds bequested by Leonard Frost Aldrich, a local businessman, and was substantially enlarged in 2000. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Aldrich Public Library is a prominent feature of downtown Barre, at the northeast corner of Washington and Elm Streets, across Washington Street from Vermont City Park. It is set back from the intersection, accessed via paved walkways traversing a lawn. It is a two-story building, with a steel frame and brick veneer exterior trimmed in local granite. The front facade is three bays wide, the center one projecting. Banded brick pilasters with Doric capitals articulate each of the bays. The outer bays have three-part windows on each level, set in a shared keystoned granite surround. The main entrance is recessed in the center section, with flanking Ionic columns. It is topped by a decorative granite frieze, and there is a balconied three-part window above. The stairway leading to the entrance is framed by granite sidewalls topped by original Beaux-Arts iron globe light fixtures.</p><br>
<p>The oldest documented library in Barre was a small subscription library established in 1848. In 1873, the Barre Library Association was organized, as a formal subscription library stored in local businesses and homes. A second subscription library, the French Barre Library, was founded in 1887. These two collections were merged when the Aldrich Library was built in 1907-08. The Aldrich Library was made possible by a bequest from Leonard Frost Aldrich, a local businessman who had died without issue. His bequest included funding for construction of the building and the acquisition of books for its collection. The city council originally sought to have a building completely faced in local granite (the city&#39;s primary business), but this was found to be cost prohibitive, and a compromise construction of brick trimmed in local granite was developed by the architect, Penn Varney of Lynn, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The Chavez Ravine Arboretum, in Elysian Park, just north of Dodger Stadium, at 929 Academy Road, Los Angeles, California, contains more than 100 varieties of trees from around the world, including what are believed to be the oldest and largest Cape Chestnut, Kauri, and Tipu trees in the United States. Admission to the arboretum is free.</p><br>
<p>The Arboretum was founded in 1893 by the Los Angeles Horticultural Society, and planting of rare trees continued through the 1920s. Most of the original trees are still standing. The Arboretum was declared a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1967.</p><br>
<p>Trees in the Arboretum include:</p><br>
<p>Acacia dealbata</p><br>
<p>Acer (maple)</p><br>
<p>Acer campestre (field maple)</p><br>
<p>Acer negundo (box elder)</p><br>
<p>Acer paxii</p><br>
<p>Acer saccharinum (silver maple)</p><br>
<p>Aesculus x carnea</p><br>
<p>Afrocarpus gracilior</p><br>
<p>Agathis robusta</p><br>
<p>Alnus rhombifolia (white alder)</p><br>
<p>Angophora costata (rose apple)</p><br>
<p>Araucaria bidwillii (bunya pine)</p><br>
<p>Archontophoenix cunninghamiana (king palm)</p><br>
<p>Baphia chrysophylla</p><br>
<p>Bauhinia</p><br>
<p>Bauhinia forficata (Brazilian orchid tree)</p><br>
<p>Bauhinia variegata (orchid tree)</p><br>
<p>Betula nigra (black birch)</p><br>
<p>Brachychiton (bottletree)</p><br>
<p>Brachychiton acerifolius (Illiwarra flame tree)</p><br>
<p>Brachychiton acerifolius (Herman hybrid)</p><br>
<p>Brachychiton discolor</p><br>
<p>Brachychiton populneus (Kurrajong)</p><br>
<p>Brahea (Hesper palm)</p><br>
<p>Brahea armata (Mexican blue palm)</p><br>
<p>Brahea brandegeei</p><br>
<p>Brahea edulis (Guadalupe palm)</p><br>
<p>Butia capitata (jelly palm)</p><br>
<p>Calocedrus decurrens (California incense cedar)</p><br>
<p>Calodendrum capense (Cape chestnut)</p><br>
<p>Caryota urens</p><br>
<p>Castanospermum australe</p><br>
<p>Casuarina cunninghamiana</p><br>
<p>Cedrus (cedar)</p><br>
<p>Cedrus deodara</p><br>
<p>Cedrus libani</p><br>
<p>Ceiba (cypress)</p><br>
<p>Ceiba insignis</p><br>
<p>Ceiba speciosa (silk floss tree)</p><br>
<p>Celtis australis</p><br>
<p>Chamaerops humilis</p><br>
<p>Chionanthus retusus</p><br>
<p>Cryptocarya rubra</p><br>
<p>Cryptomeria japonica</p><br>
<p>Cupaniopsis anacardioides</p><br>
<p>Cupressus</p><br>
<p>Cupressus glabra</p><br>
<p>Cupressus species</p><br>
<p>Dalbergia sissoo</p><br>
<p>Dracaena draco (Canary Islands dragon tree)</p><br>
<p>Ehretia</p><br>
<p>Ehretia anacua (sandpaper tree)</p><br>
<p>Ehretia tinifolia</p><br>
<p>Eriobotrya</p><br>
<p>Eriobotrya deflexa</p><br>
<p>Eriobotrya japonica (loquat)</p><br>
<p>Erythrina (coral tree)</p><br>
<p>Erythrina coralloides (naked coral tree)</p><br>
<p>Erythrina falcata (Brazilian coral tree)</p><br>
<p>Erythrina humeana (dwarf kaffirboom)</p><br>
<p>Eucalyptus</p><br>
<p>Eucalyptus camaldulensis (river red gum)</p><br>
<p>Eucalyptus citriodora</p><br>
<p>Eucalyptus cladocalyx (sugar gum)</p><br>
<p>Eucalyptus globulus</p><br>
<p>Eucalyptus robusta (swamp mahogany)</p><br>
<p>Eucalyptus rudis (flooded gum)</p><br>
<p>Eucalyptus viminalis (manna gum)</p><br>
<p>Ficus (fig tree)</p><br>
<p>Ficus microcarpa</p><br>
<p>Ficus racemosa</p><br>
<p>Ficus religiosa (sacred fig)</p><br>
<p>Ficus species</p><br>
<p>Fraxinus (ash)</p><br>
<p>Fraxinus uhdei</p><br>
<p>Fraxinus velutina</p><br>
<p>Handroanthus impetiginosus (pink lapacho)</p><br>
<p>Heteromeles arbutifolia</p><br>
<p>Jacaranda acutifolia</p><br>
<p>Jubaea chilensis (Chilean wine palm)</p><br>
<p>Juglans nigra (eastern black walnut)</p><br>
<p>Lagerstroemia indica (crepe myrtle)</p><br>
<p>Liquidambar formosana (Chinese sweet gum)</p><br>
<p>Liriodendron tulipifera</p><br>
<p>Livistona</p><br>
<p>Livistona australis (cabbage-tree palm)</p><br>
<p>Livistona chinensis (Chinese fan palm)</p><br>
<p>Macadamia ternifolia</p><br>
<p>Magnolia grandiflora</p><br>
<p>Metasequoia glyptostroboides (dawn redwood)</p><br>
<p>Metrosideros excelsa (pōhutukawa)</p><br>
<p>Nyssa sylvatica (black tupelo)</p><br>
<p>Phoenix</p><br>
<p>Phoenix canariensis (Canary Island date palm)</p><br>
<p>Phoenix dactylifera (date palm)</p><br>
<p>Phoenix reclinata</p><br>
<p>Phoenix reclinata (hybrid)</p><br>
<p>Phoenix roebelenii x rupicola</p><br>
<p>Phoenix rupicola (cliff date palm)</p><br>
<p>Phytolacca dioica (ombú)</p><br>
<p>Pinus (pine)</p><br>
<p>Pinus canariensis (Canary Island pine)</p><br>
<p>Pinus edulis (Colorado pinyon)</p><br>
<p>Pinus halepensis (aleppo pine)</p><br>
<p>Pinus thunbergii (Japanese black pine)</p><br>
<p>Pittosporum (cheesewood)</p><br>
<p>Pittosporum phillyraeoides</p><br>
<p>Pittosporum tenuifolium (black matipo)</p><br>
<p>Pittosporum undulatum</p><br>
<p>Plinia cauliflora (jabuticaba)</p><br>
<p>Podocarpus totara</p><br>
<p>Psidium guajava (apple guava)</p><br>
<p>Quercus (oak)</p><br>
<p>Quercus agrifolia (coast live oak)</p><br>
<p>Quercus alba (white oak)</p><br>
<p>Quercus cerris (turkey oak)</p><br>
<p>Quercus coccinea (scarlet oak)</p><br>
<p>Quercus macrocarpa (bur oak)</p><br>
<p>Quercus palustris (pin oak)</p><br>
<p>Quercus rubra (northern red oak)</p><br>
<p>Quercus suber (cork oak)</p><br>
<p>Quercus virginiana (southern live oak)</p><br>
<p>Rhapidophyllym hystrix (needle palm)</p><br>
<p>Rhapis excelsa (broadleaf lady palm)</p><br>
<p>Rhodosphaera rhodanthema</p><br>
<p>Rhopalostylis baueri</p><br>
<p>Rhus integrifolia</p><br>
<p>Sabal</p><br>
<p>Sabal causiarum (Puerto Rican hat palm)</p><br>
<p>Sabal species</p><br>
<p>Salix babylonica (weeping willow)</p><br>
<p>Schinus (pepper tree)</p><br>
<p>Schinus molle (Peruvian pepper)</p><br>
<p>Schinus polygamus (Cabrera Hardee peppertree)</p><br>
<p>Sequoiadendron giganteum</p><br>
<p>Syagrus romanzoffiana (queen palm)</p><br>
<p>Taxodium distichum</p><br>
<p>Tipuana tipu</p><br>
<p>Toona ciliata</p><br>
<p>Trachycarpus</p><br>
<p>Trachycarpus fortunei (windmill palm)</p><br>
<p>Trachycarpus wagnerianus</p><br>
<p>Tristaniopsis laurina (water gum)</p><br>
<p>Trithrinax acanthocoma</p><br>
<p>Ulmus americana (American elm)</p><br>
<p>Umbellularia californica (California bay laurel)</p><br>
<p>Washingtonia</p><br>
<p>Washingtonia filifera (desert fan)</p><br>
<p>Washingtonia robusta (Mexican fan palm)</p><br>
<p>Zelkova serrata (Japanese zelkova)</p><br>
<p>Alimos  is a municipality in the South Athens, Greece. It was formed in 1968 comprising two settlements, the suburban seaside town of Kalamaki , and the inland community of Trachones . Alimos had 41,720 inhabitants in the 2011 census.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Alimos is situated on the Saronic Gulf coast, 8 km south of Athens city centre. The municipality has an area of 5.909 km. The Hellinikon Olympic Complex, built on the grounds of the former Ellinikon International Airport for the 2004 Summer Olympics, lies south of Alimos. The built-up area of Alimos is continuous with those of the neighbouring suburbs Palaio Faliro, Agios Dimitrios, Ilioupoli, Argyroupoli and Elliniko. Alimos has a large marina and several beaches.</p><br>
<p>The main roads of Alimos are Poseidonos Avenue along the coast, Kalamakiou Avenue and Alimou Avenue. The nearest subway station is at Alimos metro station, in the eastern part of the municipality. The western, coastal part of the municipality is connected with Athens city centre by the Athens Tram.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first settlements uncovered by archeologists in Alimos date back to the Neolithic period, and the excavation site can be found in the region of Euonymeia (Ano Kalamaki), immediately by the Vouliagmenis Avenue.</p><br>
<p>In classical antiquity, Halimous (Ἁλιμοῦς; also Alimous, Ἀλιμοῦς) was a fishing town on the outskirts of the city-state of Athens and constituted one of the demes of Attica. The area of Ano Kalamaki, known as Euonymeia, constituted a distinct settlement, which in classical antiquity became the urban (Asty) Deme of Euonymos. Testament to its development during this period are the ruins of the amphitheater of Euonymos, quite unusual in the ancient world in its rectangular design. The site can be found on Archaiou Theatrou Street in Ano Kalamaki (just a few blocks away from the Neolithic site).</p><br>
<p>The most significant historical affiliation of Alimos is that with Thucydides. Thucydides was born in Halimous, and is often referred to as "Thucydides the Halimousian" (Greek: Θουκυδίδης ο Αλιμούσιος). The bust of Thucydides is the emblem of Alimos, which is commonly used between schools in the area. Furthermore, the First High School of Alimos is called Thoukydidio (Greek: Θουκυδίδειο), after him.</p><br>
<p>Kalamaki was part of the community of Brachami until 1927, when it became a separate community. The community Kalamaki was abolished in 1968, when the municipality Alimos was founded.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<h3>Education</h3><br>
<p>Alimos has public and private schools of grades, apart from higher education, in several places throughout the city. The city has 12 public kindergartens, 8 public elementary schools, 6 public Junior High Schools (including a Music School ) and 5 High Schools (including one Technical High School). Furthermore, there are several private schools, where tuition fees are needed.</p><br>
<h3>Sports</h3><br>
<p>Alimos has two clubs with presence in panhellenic championships, the water polo club N.O. Kalamaki with presence in A1 Ethniki and the football club Trachones F.C. with presence in Gamma Ethniki. In Alimos is located the Byzantine Sport Center that is used by the two sport clubs come from Constantinople, A.O. Tataula and A.S. Pera. These clubs settled in Alimos in 1973 and have many honours in Greek Table Tennis Championship.</p><br>
<h2>Commercial activity</h2><br>
<p>The commercial activity in Kalamaki or Alimos is concentrated in the major avenues that cross the city regional (Amfitheas-Poseidonos-Alimou) and the streets that are inside the city links (Thukididou-Kalamakiou-Theomitoros-Ionias-Dodekanisou).</p><br>
<h2>Historical population</h2><br>
<p>Many people here are the descendants of refugees from Kalkan Turkey, arriving in the Greek Genocide</p><br>
<h2>International relations</h2><br>
<p>Alimos is twinned with:</p><br>
<p>Niš, Serbia</p><br>
<p>Kalo Chorio  is a village in the municipality of Agios Nikolaos, Lasithi, Crete, Greece. Kalo Chorio village has a population of around 900, nestles attractively in the midst of a verdant hilly landscape, where olive groves and abundant and colourful mediterranean shrubs and plants reach all the way down to the sea. Over the past years, naturally with tourism, part of the village has grown up nearer the beach, Istro has many archaeological points of interest. The new village of Istro sits on the site of the ancient town of Istrona, remains of which are still being uncovered to date. Because of this, the land closest to the sea has a conservation order and no new building may take place, which leaves the beaches uncrowded and unspoilt. The delightful beaches of Istro Bay are regularly awarded a Blue flag for cleanliness. Kalo Chorio offers a village atmosphere away from the sprawling concrete resorts usually found in Crete, allowing visitors to enjoy Crete as it once was.</p><br>
<h2>Beaches in Kalo Chorio</h2><br>
<p>Kalo Chorio has three main beaches all within 1 km of the village. With clean and pristine waters, from golden sands, silver sands to a quiet and long pebble beach, all beaches in Kalo Chorio have modern facilities including cafes, sunbed rentals and bathrooms. Also within a 10 km radius of Kalo Chorio are at least another 10 blue flag awarded beaches, all accessible by cheap and regular bus services from the numerous bus stops in Kalo Chorio. It is also possible to choose to explore and discover private sheltered coves along the coastline of Kalo Chorio.</p><br>
<h2>Shopping and Nightlife</h2><br>
<p>Due to its status as a working village Kalo Chorio is not a heavily developed tourist resort. It has only three large hotels, and a few smaller apartment style accommodation facilities. This undeveloped status has helped Kalo Chorio maintain its traditional feel. It is a small village and resort with a dozen tavernas and half a dozen bars, snack bars and cafes (all with internet access), there is also a fairly new aqua pool with bar and restaurant located near Golden Beach. These establishments cater for tourists, the growing ex-pat community and locals alike.</p><br>
<h2>Weather in Kalo Chorio</h2><br>
<p>The climate of Kalo Chorio, and surrounding areas, is primarily temperate. The atmosphere in Kalo Chorio can be quite humid at times due to the proximity to the sea, but it is not un-pleasant like in many other resorts around the Mediterranean, while winter is fairly mild. During the Cretan summer, average temperatures in Kalo Chorio reach the high 20s-low 30s Celsius (mid 80s to mid 90s Fahrenheit), though the maximum temperature of Kalo Chorio can reach the upper 30s-mid 40s though during August.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>This area contains several ancient archaeological sites going back to 3000 BC. Among them are Priniatikos Pyrgos, Vrokastro, and Vasiliki, Lasithi. There&#39;s an Archaeological Museum in nearby Agios Nikolaos, Crete.</p><br>
<h2>Football in Kalo Chorio</h2><br>
<p>Kalo Chorio is represented at the local football by the Athlitikos Omilos Pyrgos Kalou Choriou ( Tower of Kalo Chorio Athletic Club ). The team takes part in the 1st Division of the local Lasithi Football League. The club uses the local communal football grass field for training and its league matches.</p><br>
<p>Coal Harbour is the name for a section of Burrard Inlet lying between Vancouver, Canada&#39;s downtown peninsula and the Brockton Peninsula of Stanley Park. It has also now become the name of the neighbourhood adjacent to its southern shoreline.</p><br>
<h2>Neighbourhood</h2><br>
<p>Coal Harbour is used to designate the relatively new official neighbourhood of the City of Vancouver bounded by roughly Burrard Street and Pender near the Financial District to West Georgia Street near the West End in the south to Stanley Park in the north. The neighbourhood consists of numerous high-rise residential apartment and condo towers with luxury townhome podiums catering to the upper-crust.</p><br>
<h3>Features</h3><br>
<p>The northwestern section near Stanley Park features picturesque parkland, private marinas, several rowing and boating clubs, high-end shoppes and restaurants, and a community centre designed by architect Gregory Henriquez. To the east is Deadmans Island, the site of the naval station and museum, where the harbour itself opens up to the Burrard Inlet. Towards the Financial District in the southeast, the neighbourhood is dominated by high-rise office buildings, hotels and numerous apartment towers. Immediately south lies Vancouvers Luxury Zone along Alberni Street.</p><br>
<p>Coal Harbour is home to Vancouver Harbour Water Aerodrome, located a few blocks from Canada Place and the Vancouver Convention Centre. Within the harbour is a floating gas station for marine vessels.</p><br>
<p>The six floating homes in Coal Harbour, along with the twelve across town in False Creek are the only legal floating homes within the city of Vancouver.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The discovery of coal in the harbour in 1862 inspired the name. In the days when the area along West Pender Street was an upper-class residential district, Coal Harbour was known as Blueblood Alley because of the many large mansions along it.</p><br>
<p>Notable inhabitants and developments in Coal Harbour&#39;s past include:</p><br>
<p>Squamish settlements, notably on Deadman Island, Brockton Point and Lumberman&#39;s Arch.</p><br>
<p>In 1862 minor exploration began of the visible coal seams on the flank of the bluff overlooking the harbour, first noted by Captain Vancouver. This bluff was approximately where most of West Hastings Street is today. The coal was low-grade, but its occurrence in clays similar to porcelain-making clays of the English Midlands led to the staking of what is known as the Brickmakers Claim by the Three Greenhorns. The Brickmakers Claim is now the West End. No clay was ever mined nor porcelain ever made, but one of the Greenhorns was the developer of the clay mine and brickworks at Clayburn on Sumas Mountain near Abbotsford.</p><br>
<p>A settlement of Kanakas (Hawaiians) near today&#39;s Bayshore Inn and the eastern end of Lost Lagoon was known as the Kanaka Rancherie, or the Cherry Orchard due to its many cherry trees. The area is now called Devonian Harbour Park, and memorial cherry trees have been planted there in memory of AIDS victims.</p><br>
<p>the Vancouver Boating Club, now Vancouver Rowing Club, from 1887 (originally at the bottom of the bluff at the foot of Howe Street)</p><br>
<p>the Pacific Lumber Mill Company in the late 19th century</p><br>
<p>The Royal Vancouver Yacht Club (their first clubhouse floated in Coal Harbour at the foot of Cardero street in 1903)</p><br>
<p>Denman Arena was built in 1911 to house the Vancouver Millionaires professional ice hockey club on the Kanakas Ranch site at Georgia and Denman. The Arena would host the only victory by a Vancouver team of the Stanley Cup in 1915. The Denman Auditorium was built adjacent to the Arena in 1927 for concerts and smaller events. The Arena was destroyed by fire in 1936. The Auditorium remained in use until its demolition in 1959.</p><br>
<p>Boeing Canada&#39;s Seaplane and Boat Factory beginning in the 1910s; (they purchased the Hoffar-Beeching Shipyard at 1927 West Georgia in 1929)</p><br>
<p>William Boeing&#39;s yacht, the superb Taconite, was built at Hoffars in 1931.</p><br>
<p>the Vancouver Shipyards through the 1930s</p><br>
<p>the CP Rail Station & Canadian Pacific Steamships passenger terminal/dock</p><br>
<p>The Royal Canadian Air Force began work on a seaplane base and reconnaissance station at Coal Harbour in 1940. As part of the war effort, the RCAF turned over its direction finding and intercept facility to the Royal Canadian Navy. Due to an organizational change in 1942, the RCN ratings stationed at Coal Harbour and the ones from Ucluelet were withdrawn and moved to Gordon Head near Victoria.</p><br>
<p>Harbour Ferries, a tour-boat and water-taxi service, continues to operate from docks in Coal Harbour</p><br>
<p>Howard Hughes, who resided in the top two floors of the Bayshore Inn (Westin Bayshore) for 5 months and 28 days in the 1970s (6 months would have triggered Canadian residency and taxation issues for Mr. Hughes).</p><br>
<p>Denman Arena, an indoor ice arena that stood from 1911-1936.</p><br>
<p>Trader Vics, for many years held to be Vancouvers best night-out, was launched in a tiki-style hut next to the Bayshore.</p><br>
<p>HMCS Discovery, a naval base on Deadman Island.</p><br>
<p>In 1993 Vancouver City Council froze applications for development of the Marathon Realty lands between Canada Place and the Bayshore Hotel. The company was required to reach an agreement with The First Narrows Floating Co-op, representing floating home and live-aboard boat residents in pre existing marinas, for their inclusion in the redevelopment of the waterfront. Negotiations concluded with the guarantee of space for residents in Coal Harbour Marina on extended leases.</p><br>
<p>Bedok Reservoir  is a reservoir in the eastern part of Singapore, to the north of Bedok New Town. The reservoir has a surface area of 880,000 m², and a capacity of 12.8 million m³. The mean depth of the reservoir is 9 m, with a maximum depth of 18.2 m. The shoreline length is 4.3 km.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir was first announced in 1980 as part of a water supply scheme. It was converted from a sand quarry that was used by the Housing and Development Board (HDB). Construction of the reservoir began in 1983, with the construction of a deep pumping station and a perimeter road. The reservoir was completed in June 1985, and it began operations later that year.</p><br>
<h2>Reservoir</h2><br>
<p>Bedok Reservoir is now open to water sports activities such as wakeboarding, sailing, fishing, canoeing and kayaking. This follows the Singapore Sports Councils (SSCs) efforts to allow water sport enthusiasts to make use of the various reservoirs for activities which do not compromise the quality of the water. The programme kicked off with the HSBC Wakeboard World Cup Singapore 2004, held at Bedok Reservoir on 30–31 October 2004 and this was the first international water sports event to be held at a local reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The hill on the west part of Bedok Reservoir is a popular place to fly model gliders.</p><br>
<p>In September 2014 a kayaker practicing in Bedok Reservoir when his boat capsized and he fell into the water. While swimming to a pontoon, he felt fish biting his feet and when out of the water, he saw huge injuries and cuts on his legs. Biologists claimed that the cuts could be caused by attacks from aggressive turtles or fish in the reservoir. From September to December 2014 more attacks were reported and as a result, sporting and recreational activities were suspended at Bedok Reservoir. Meanwhile, several varieties of predatory fish like African walking catfish, peacock bass, tarpon and armored sucker catfish have been caught in the reservoir. The government has issued advisories to those entering the waters. Severe fines and penalties have been imposed for those releasing fish here.</p><br>
<h2>Bedok Reservoir Park</h2><br>
<p>The Bedok Reservoir Park was developed around the picturesque Bedok Reservoir. The park is equipped with a jogging track, a children&#39;s playground, fitness stations and open fields. The park is popular for outdoor activities like inline skating, cycling, fishing and jogging. Jog A Walk Activities are held regularly at the park by schools and organisations. The area of the park is 417,000 m².The park is accessible via Bedok Reservoir Road</p><br>
<p>Six venues in the Bedok Reservoir Park can be booked for private events which are namely the Floating Deck (area of 1,320 sq.m, capacity of up to 240 people.), Activity Lawn (area of 3600 sq m, capacity of up to 2,000 persons), Jogging Track (4.3 kilometres long), Reservoir Vista (area of 3,600 sq.m, capacity of up to 2,000 persons), Reservoir Lawn (area of 13,200 sq. m, capacity of up to 5000 persons) and Viewing Gallery (area of 432 sq.m, capacity of up to 150 persons).</p><br>
<h2>Events</h2><br>
<p>The Launch of Water Sports Activity was held on 17 October 2004. It marked the first time water activities could be held in a local reservoir. The Guest of Honour, George Yeo (former Minister of Foreign Affairs and MP for Aljunied GRC) flagged off canoe racing during the event.</p><br>
<p>The HSBC Wakeboard World Cup Singapore 2004, was held at Bedok Reservoir on 30–31 October 2004. This was the first international water sports event to be held at a local reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The Wakeboard World Cup Singapore 2007 was held on 22 and 23 September 2007 during the Singapore leg of the World Cup Series. It stopped at Russia and Ireland first before ending at Qatar. It was organised by the Singapore Waterski & Wakeboard Federation.</p><br>
<p>The world premier of Hydro Sapiens by The Lunatics was held from 20 to 22 June 2008 as part of the Singapore Arts Festival. The Singapore Dragon Boat Festival was held from 28 to 29 June 2008.</p><br>
<p>Meridian Playground  is in the Wallingford neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, United States.</p><br>
<p>The site features a building called the Good Shepherd Center, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the Home of the Good Shepherd and is a city of Seattle designated landmark. The center was built in 1906 as a Catholic School for wayward girls and operated until 1973. The building is now run by Historic Seattle, while the remainder of the site is run by Seattle Parks and Recreation.</p><br>
<p>The building includes space for the Wallingford Community Senior Center, Meridian School, Seattle Tilth, community organizations, and low cost housing for artists. The old chapel in the center of the top two floors has been converted into a performance space that features experimental performances organized through the Wayward Music Series.</p><br>
<p>The gardens and the apple orchard of the old school largely remain, but the pool has been filled in and the bath house has been converted into a picnic shelter. Amid the orchard are a playground and two playfields, and to the south side is a P-Patch operated by Seattle Tilth. Community involvement with the site occurs through the Good Shepherd Center Advisory Board.</p><br>
<p>The playground at the site was revamped in 1998 and then upgraded in 2007, both times with matching grants through the city. The sculptures at the back of the playground are based on children&#39;s book characters and the two sculptures at the entry are designed to recall past use of the Home of the Good Shepherd, with a nun in front of the GSC and a school girl picking an apple. There is also a niche sculpture of Jesus as the Good Shepherd over the front entrance to the Center. The play equipment includes a water run (now shut down), swings, and some spinning Kompan play structures for older children.</p><br>
<p>Venetian Pool is a historic USA public swimming pool located in Coral Gables, Florida. Completed in 1924, it was designed by Phineas Paist with Denman Fink.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Venetian Pool, opened in 1924 as "Venetian Casino," was created from a 4 acre old coral rock quarry, abandoned in 1921. The pool was founded by George Merrick as part of the development of Coral Gables, which was created in Mediterranean Revival style and utilized a large amount of coral for ornamental features of the community. The remaining quarry was reconfigured by architect Phineas Paist and designed by artist Denman Fink. Named for Mediterranean city of Venice, Italy, the pool included a Venetian style bridge and classic mooring posts.</p><br>
<p>The Venetian Pool has gone through several phases. A large additional island was created to allow Venetian style gondolas to dock alongside though the gondolas were later removed. A high diving platform was constructed above the grand waterfall and was also later torn down. Early in its history, the pool was regularly drained completely to permit the Miami Symphony to perform in it, taking advantage of the quarrys natural acoustic qualities. In 2001, to celebrate the 75th anniversary of Coral Gables, the pool was once again drained for an orchestral performance. A 1989 renovation restored many of the pools original features.</p><br>
<p>In 1981, Venetian Pool was added to the National Register of Historic Places, and is the only pool listed on the register.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The pool occupies a shallow quarry displacing some 820,000 USgal of fresh water daily from artesian wells, making it the largest freshwater pool in the United States.</p><br>
<p>The pool ranges in depth from four feet to depths of over eight feet near the grand waterfall, with a two-foot kiddy pool near the lifeguard station; the station is atop a bridge leading out to an island with two full size palm trees on it. A grotto, where natural water-filled caves stretch back over twelve feet into the hillside, is located across the pool from the island. There is a sandy sunning area for sunbathers and a café area that is commonly used for weddings and receptions. A walking path surrounds the whole complex.</p><br>
<p>The pool received a massive historical restoration in 1989. The pool has recently had another major renovation which took eight months to complete (September 8, 2008 - April 30, 2009) and has since re-opened to the public again.</p><br>
<h2>Sustainability</h2><br>
<p>The pool has come under criticism from environmentalists due to the massive amounts of fresh water it uses daily, raising concerns that the process of completely draining the pool every night and refilling it the following day was depleting the Floridian aquifers. In 1998 a solution was devised to drain the water back into the aquifer, using natural ground filtration, thus recycling the precious natural resource, while allowing the pool to maintain its fresh, clear water.</p><br>
<p>Olympus, or Chionistra,  at 1,952 m, is the highest point in Cyprus. It is located in the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus. Mount Olympus peak and the "Troodos Square" fall under the territory of Platres in Limassol District. A British long range radar currently operates at Mount Olympus&#39; peak.</p><br>
<p>The Mount Olympus Ski resort consists of the Sun Valley and North Face areas. Each area has its own chairlifts and runs.</p><br>
<p>Writing in the late first century BC of first century AD, the geographer Strabo reported that on one of its promontories was a temple to Aphrodite of the Heights (ἀκραία), which women were forbidden to enter.</p><br>
<p>There are 4 ski slopes:</p><br>
<p>Aphrodite or Sun Valley I, Length: 150m, Level: Beginner</p><br>
<p>Hermes or Sun Valley II, Length: 150m, Level: Intermediate</p><br>
<p>Dias/Zeus or North Face I, Length: 500m, Level: Advanced</p><br>
<p>Hera or North Face II, Length: 350m, Level: Beginner</p><br>
<p>The Mahoning River is a river located in eastern Ohio and western Pennsylvania. Flowing primarily through several Ohio counties, it joins the Shenango River to form the Beaver River and is part of the Ohio River watershed.</p><br>
<h2>Physical properties</h2><br>
<p>The river is formed near Winona in Columbiana County, Ohio, and extends for a length of approximately 113 miles (182 km), with a watershed area of approximately 1,132 square miles (2,932 km²). It joins the Shenango River near New Castle, Pennsylvania to form the Beaver River. The river traverses five Ohio counties, Columbiana, Stark, Portage, Trumbull, and Mahoning, as well as Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. The watershed area also includes parts of Ashtabula and Geauga counties in Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The three main tributaries are Mosquito Creek, West Branch, and Eagle Creek, all in Ohio. There are 15 dams on the river course. The river has a course of 97.1 miles (156.3 km) in Ohio, with the remainder in Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>The river supports more than 72 species of fish and 15 species of freshwater mussels.</p><br>
<p>The river is roughly divided into two sections. The “upper elevation” extends roughly from Winona to Leavittsburg and is generally rural in nature. The mainstem (lower elevation) extends roughly from Leavittsburg to the river’s mouth near New Castle, Pennsylvania; it is heavily populated and is heavily industrialized. The mainstem area has a population of over 500,000 and has a long history of steel making, coke production, and other industries.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental concerns</h2><br>
<p>The industrial nature of the mainstem area has caused considerable pollution in the river. Much of the pollution has left the ecosystem via the natural river flow. But analysts estimate that 750,000 cubic yards (573,416 m³) of river bed and shoreline sediment, over a 30 mile (48.2 km) stretch of the mainstem from Leavittsburg to the Pennsylvania border, is so heavily polluted that it will need to be remediated. Approximately 45% of this material is located in the vicinity of the Girard Dam near Girard, Ohio, which has acted as a trap for much of the contaminated sediment.</p><br>
<p>Petroleum hydrocarbons, benzo(a)pyrene (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), and mercury have all been found in quantities several times the maximum safe levels. Since 1988, the Ohio Department of Health has maintained an advisory against swimming or wading in the river between Leavittsburg and the Pennsylvania border, and also advises against eating fish caught there. The Corps of Engineers estimates that the remediation will take up to 15 years to complete and cost in excess of US$100 million. If approved, the dredging project will probably begin in the late 2010s.</p><br>
<p>Cities and towns along its course include:</p><br>
<p>Winona, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Alliance, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Sebring, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Newton Falls, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Leavittsburg, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Warren, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Niles, Ohio</p><br>
<p>McDonald, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Girard, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Youngstown, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Campbell, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Struthers, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Lowellville, Ohio</p><br>
<p>Poland, Ohio</p><br>
<p>New Castle, Pennsylvania</p><br>
<h2>Floods</h2><br>
<p>The Mahoning river is susceptible to frequent flooding during high rain events. One such event started when 3 days of torrential rain fell in July 2003, resulting in such high volume that the river changed its course in Leavittsburg, Ohio, flooding and destroying nearly 100 homes.</p><br>
<p>The gallery of photos below shows some of the flooded areas in Leavittsburg.</p><br>
<p>Bishapur  was an ancient city in Sasanid Persia  on the ancient road between Persis and Elam. The road linked the Sassanid capitals Estakhr  and Ctesiphon. It is located south of modern Faliyan in the Kazerun County of Pars Province, Iran.</p><br>
<p>Bishapur was built near a river crossing and at the same site there is also a fort with rock-cut reservoirs and a river valley with six Sassanid rock reliefs.</p><br>
<p>The most important point about this city, is combination of Persian and Roman art and architectures that we cant see it before Bishapur construction. Before Bishapour built, Almost all main city in Persia/Iran had circular shape like old city in Firuzabad or Darab. Bishapour is the first city with vertical and horizontal streets also in the city specially in interior design we can see tile work thats adapted from Roman Art</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The name Bishapur derives from Bay-Šāpūr, which means Lord Shapur.</p><br>
<p>According to an inscription, the city itself was founded in 266 AD by Shapur I (241-272), who was the second Sassanid king and inflicted a triple defeat on the Romans, having killed Gordian III, captured Valerian and forced Philip the Arab to surrender. In his native province of Fars, he built a new capital that would measure up to his ambitions: Bishapur, Shapur&#39;s City. Outside the city, Shapur decorated the sides of the Bishapur River gorge with huge historical relief commemorating his triple triumph over Rome. One of these reliefs, in a semicircular shape, has rows of registers with files of soldiers and horses, in a deliberate imitation of the narrative scenes on the Trajan column in Rome.</p><br>
<p>At Bishapur the king also inaugurated the Sassanid imagery of the king&#39;s investiture, which would be copied by his successors: the king and the god are face to face, often on horseback, and the god - usually Ahura Mazda - is holding the royal diadem out to the sovereign.</p><br>
<p>The city, as the remarkable dam bridge in Shushtar, was built by Roman soldiers who had been captured after Valerian&#39;s defeat in 260. However, it was not a completely new settlement: archaeologists have found remains from the Parthian and Elamite ages.</p><br>
<p>The city remained important until the Arab conquest of Persia the rise of Islam in the second quarter of the 7th century AD. There were still people living there in the 10th century.</p><br>
<h2>Excavations and Research</h2><br>
<p>The site was cleared by the Russian-French archaeologist Roman Ghirshman in the 1930s. The German archaeologist Georgina Herrmann has also written a book about the Sasanian rockrelifs in Bishapur which was published in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Decoration</h2><br>
<p>The main part of the excavations took place in the royal sector, in the east of the city. A water temple, interpreted as a Anahita temple, was erected near the palace. In the center there is a cross-shaped space with eight large square exedrae decorated with 64 alcoves. The French excavators believed it had been covered with a dome roof, but this reconstruction has been rejected. To the west lies a courtyard decorated with mosaics; to the east, a square iwan used as a reception room. Its walls must have been covered with small stucco ornaments: rows of medallions, bands of foliage, and topped with merlons inherited from Achaemenid architecture. All these decorative techniques were still used after the Islamic conquest of Persia.</p><br>
<p>The floor was paved with black marble slabs, with a mosaic border. Along the walls runs a narrow band featuring a series of heads and masks, in a frontal or profile view, on a white background. At the top of each alcove there was a picture of women naked under their transparent veils: courtesans, musicians, dancers, women twisting garlands, together with a few richly attired noble ladies.</p><br>
<p>Fyli  is a town and a municipality in the northwestern part of Attica, Greece. It lies in the northeastern corner of the West Attica regional unit, and is a suburb of Athens. The seat of the municipality is the town Ano Liosia.</p><br>
<h2>Municipality</h2><br>
<p>The municipality Fyli was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 3 former municipalities, that became municipal units:</p><br>
<p>Ano Liosia</p><br>
<p>Fyli</p><br>
<p>Zefyri</p><br>
<p>The municipality has an area of 109.128 km, the municipal unit 69.281 km.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Fyli is situated in the southern foothills of the mountains of Parnitha, and northeast of the plain of Eleusis. It is 4 km northeast of Ano Liosia, 8 km northeast of Aspropyrgos and 14 km northwest of Athens city centre. Motorway 6 passes south of the town.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A group of exiles from Athens, led by Thrasybulus, seized Phyle in the 404 BC Battle of Phyle. They went on to defeat the Spartan garrison at the Battle of Munichia near Piraeus.</p><br>
<p>Fyli suffered some damage from the 2007 Greek forest fires.</p><br>
<p>Mount Mitake is a mountain in the Chichibu Tama Kai National Park near Tokyo, Japan. It stands 929 m tall. On the mountain is a Shinto shrine where practices such as Futomaki divination take place.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the many highlights of the Chichibu Tama Kai National Park, which covers more than 1,250 km&sup2; of forested mountains, hills, gorges and some rural towns in the prefectures of Yamanashi, Saitama, Nagano and Tokyo.</p><br>
<p>The trip from Tokyo&#39;s Shinjuku Station to Mitake Station on the Ōme Line takes about 95 minutes.</p><br>
<p>A shuttle bus, located 50 meters to the left of Mitake Station, travels to Takimoto village every half-hour between 07:30 to 18:00. From Takimoto village, the Mitake-Tozan Railway cable car operates every half-hour between 07:30 to 18:30 and leads to Mitakesan village at its top. Mitake summit and the Musashi-Mitake Shrine can then be reached by trail—approximately 1000 meters.</p><br>
<p>Many hikers access the mountain via Kori Station (two stops past Mitake Station from Ome). There is a hiking trail that takes approximately two and half hours to reach the summit, which passes Otsukayama (920 metres).</p><br>
<p>There is also a festival every year on May 8.</p><br>
<p>Mount Takao is a mountain in the city of Hachiōji, Tokyo, Japan. It is protected within Meiji no Mori Takao Quasi-National Park.</p><br>
<p>Standing 599 m tall and located within an hour of downtown Tokyo, it is a popular hiking spot, with eight hiking courses and more than 2.5 million annual visitors. The Tama Forest Science Garden is also located at the mountain&#39;s base.</p><br>
<p>Mount Takao is closely associated with tengu, minor kami from Japanese folklore, and the daitengu Naigubu. A Buddhist temple, Takaosan Yakuōin Yūkiji, is located on the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing Mount Takao</h2><br>
<p>Visitors to Mount Takao can choose to start climbing from the base, or take a funicular or ropeway ride halfway up the mountain. The Takaotozan Railway operates both of these services. The system nominally has four stations—two each for the funicular and the ropeway. However, the distance between the pairs of stations is only a few dozen metres (at the base of the mountain) and approximately 150 metres (at the top of the services, which are themselves about a 30-minute scenic uphill walk from the top of Mount Takao itself), so they can essentially both be thought of as coming from and going to the same place.</p><br>
<p>Some visitors to Mount Takao bypass the Takaotozan Railway services entirely. Trail 1 from the base of the mountain is a somewhat arduous climb, but it is paved and leads past the top stations of both the ropeway and the funicular on the way to the summit. Trail 6 and the "Inariyama Trail" are unpaved trails that start from the base of the mountain and go all the way to the summit, but they do not pass the ropeway and funicular top stations. Some visitors to Takao ride up the mountain and then walk back down. The peak summit of Mount Takao is relatively small in comparison to that of the well-known Mount Fuji.</p><br>
<p>One end of the Tōkai Nature Trail is at Mount Takao, at the Takaosan-guchi Station. The other end is at Minoh, near Osaka.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Despite the mountain&#39;s proximity to the metropolis of Tokyo, Mount Takao is rich in wildlife, with more than 1,200 species of plants and a wide variety of native animals and insects, including wild boars and monkeys. This diversity was under threat from the construction of the Ken-O Expressway, which involved the drilling of two 10 m tunnels through the heart of the mountain. The Ken-O Expressway opened to traffic on March 28, 2012.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Takao Station on the JR East Chūō Line</p><br>
<p>Takaosan-guchi Station on the Keio Takao Line</p><br>
<p>Crown Hill Cemetery is located at 700 West Thirty-Eighth Street in Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana. The privately owned cemetery was established in 1863 at Strawberry Hill, whose summit was renamed "The Crown", a high point overlooking Indianapolis. It is approximately 2.8 mi northwest of the city&#39;s center. Crown Hill was dedicated on June 1, 1864, and encompasses 555 acre, making it the third largest non-governmental cemetery in the United States. Its grounds are based on the landscape designs of Pittsburgh landscape architect and cemetery superintendent John Chislett Sr. and Adolph Strauch, a Prussian horticulturalist. In 1866 the USA government authorized a USA National Cemetery for Indianapolis. The 1.4 acre Crown Hill National Cemetery is located in Section 10.</p><br>
<p>Crown Hill contains 25 mi of paved road, over 150 species of trees and plants, over 200,000 graves, and services roughly 1,500 burials per year. Crown Hill is the final resting place for individuals from all walks of life, from political and civic leaders to ordinary citizens, infamous criminals, and unknowns. Benjamin Harrison, twenty-third president of the United States, and Vice Presidents Charles W. Fairbanks, Thomas A. Hendricks, and Thomas R. Marshall are buried at Crown Hill. The gravesite of Hoosier poet James Whitcomb Riley overlooks the city from "The Crown". Many of the cemetery&#39;s mausoleums, monuments, memorials, and structures were designed by noted architects, landscape designers, and sculptors such as Diedrich A. Bohlen, George Kessler, Rudolf Schwarz, Adolph Scherrer, and the architectural firms of D. A. Bolen and Son and Vonnegut and Bohn, among others. Works by contemporary sculptors include David L. Rodgers, Michael B. Wilson, and Eric Nordgulen.</p><br>
<p>The cemeterys administrative offices, mortuary, and crematorium are located at Thirty-eighth and Clarenden streets on the cemeterys north grounds. Crown Hills Waiting Station, built in 1885 at its east entrance on Thirty-fourth Street and Boulevard Place, serves as a meeting place for tours and programs. The Crown Hill Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit corporation established in 1984, raises funds to preserve the cemeterys historic buildings and grounds. Crown Hill Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Crown Hill was not Indianapoliss first major cemetery. Alexander Ralston included a cemetery site in his 1821 plan of Indianapolis at the south end of Kentucky Avenue, where it intersects South and West Streets. Prior to the establishment of Crown Hill Cemetery in 1863, the citys main cemetery was expanded in the 1830s to create the 25 acre Greenlawn Cemetery on the city&#39;s southwest side. During the Civil War Greenlawn was quickly filling with burials of Union soldiers and Confederate prisoners of war and faced encroachment from west side industrial development. By the end of the 1870s it was closed to further interments due to lack of space.</p><br>
<p>The normal demands of a growing city, along with the capacity issues at Greenlawn, prompted a group of Indianapolis&#39;s civic-minded men to establish a new and larger cemetery within five miles of the city. On September 12, 1863, the men met with John Chislett Sr., a Pittsburgh landscape architect and cemetery superintendent, to discuss ideas for a cemetery that would be based on the park-like settings becoming popular in Europe, most notably the Pere Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. On September 25, 1863, the group formed the Association of Crown Hill.</p><br>
<p>Once the initial land was secured the board hired Chisletts son, Frederick, as Crown Hill’s first superintendent. He arrived in Indianapolis with his wife and children on December 31, 1863. Frederick supervised construction of the cemeterys first roads and developed the propertys grounds based on the landscape designs of his father and Prussian horticulturalist Adolph Strauch. The design retained many of the cemeterys natural features and laid out winding roads to create a landscape in the Victorian Romantic style. The cemetery&#39;s first main entrance was off old Michigan Road (also known as Northwestern Avenue and later, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard).</p><br>
<p>Crown Hill Cemetery was dedicated on June 1, 1864. The first burial at Crown Hill was the body of Lucy Ann Seaton, aged thirty-three, a young mother who had died of consumption. Omnibus transportation reached the cemetery in 1864. Visitors could also travel by steam-powered boat up the Central Canal to reach Crown Hill. Automobiles were allowed on the grounds beginning in 1912.</p><br>
<p>In 1866 the federal government purchased 1.4 acre of land within the grounds of Crown Hill for a national military cemetery. The bodies of more than 700 Union soldiers who died in Indianapolis during the Civil War were moved from Greenlawn Cemetery to new graves at the National Cemetery. On May 30, 1868, Crown Hill, along with Arlington National Cemetery and 182 others in twenty-seven states, took part in the country&#39;s first Memorial Day celebrations. An estimated crowd of 10,000 attended the Crown Hill ceremony, beginning an annual tradition at the site.</p><br>
<p>By the mid-1800s, Crown Hill was a burial ground as well as a popular location for recreational activities such as picnics, strolls, and carriage rides. It is well known for its views of downtown Indianapolis from "The Crown." In addition to developing the cemetery grounds, Crown Hills Corporators built new structures on the site. A Gothic chapel and vault was erected in 1875. The main entrance was moved to Thirty-fourth Street on the cemeterys east side, where the cemetery&#39;s Waiting Station building and a three-arched gateway were erected in 1885. A new gate and gatehouse were built at the west entrance in 1900 to replace earlier structures that were demolished. Over several decades Crown Hill’s grounds expanded to include substantial parcels of land north of Thirty-eighth Street (known then as Maple Road). In 1911 the acquisition of 40 acre at the northwest corner of Crown Hill made the 550 acre grounds the third largest nongovernmental cemetery in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Crown Hills Pioneer Cemetery was established on the north grounds in 1912. The bodies of 1,160 early settlers from Greenlawn Cemetery were moved to this new section at Crown Hill. The remains of thirty-three people from Rhoads Cemetery, established on the citys west side in 1844, were interred in the Pioneer Cemetery in 1999. Bodies from the Wright-Whitesell-Gentry Cemetery located near Castleton on the city&#39;s northeast side were moved to the Pioneer Cemetery in 2008–9.</p><br>
<p>The cemeterys grounds continued to change. In 1914 landscape architect George Kessler designed a brick and wrought-iron fence nearly three miles long. It was completed in the early 1920s and surrounded three quarters of the cemeterys south grounds and the southern end of the north grounds along Thirty-Eight Street. A bridge/underpass that became known as the Subway passed beneath Thirty-eighth Street to connect the north and south grounds. Although Crown Hill faced competition from other cemeteries in the area, it continued to expand. More than 100,000 people were buried there by the late 1930s and more than 155,000 by the late 1970s. The cemetery&#39;s Community Mausoleum was formally dedicated in 1951. Building five of the Garden Mausoleums, a series of outdoor mausoleums, was completed in 1962. A new administrative building by Bohlen and Burns was dedicated in 1969. By the early 1980s, Crown Hill was valued at nearly $3 million. Its annual sales were estimated at $250,000, with an operating budget of $895,000. The cemetery employed fifteen salaried employees, twenty-one full-time maintenance workers, and twenty-five seasonal workers.</p><br>
<p>Preservation of the cemeterys monuments and structures remained an ongoing concern to Crown Hills board. The Crown Hill Heritage Foundation, a nonprofit corporation, was established in 1984 to raise funds for restoration of the cemetery&#39;s historic buildings and its grounds. By 1997 the foundation had raised $1.8 million, with an additional $3.2 million raised later, to restore the Gothic Chapel and make other improvements to the cemetery. In the 1990s Crown Hill added a mortuary and a new crematorium. Crown Hill Cemetery, including the National Cemetery, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 28, 1973. The National Cemetery portion, which is listed separately, was added to the National Register on April 29, 1999.</p><br>
<p>The first female and African American joined the Crown Hill Board of Corporators in 1997. Milton O. Thompson, a lawyer, former deputy Marion County prosecutor, and founder of a sports and entertainment management company became the board&#39;s first African American member. Hilary Stour Salatich, a Conseco executive and civic leader, became the first female corporator.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Benjamin Harrison, twenty-third president of the United States, along with his first wife, Caroline Harrison; his second wife, Mary Dimmick Harrison; his son Russell Benjamin Harrison; and his daughter Mary Harrison McKee.</p><br>
<p>Vice Presidents of the United States: Charles W. Fairbanks, Thomas A. Hendricks, and Thomas R. Marshall.</p><br>
<p>Vice Presidential nominees: George Washington Julian, William Hayden English, and John W. Kern.</p><br>
<p>Indiana Governors: Noah Noble, David Wallace, James Whitcomb, Abram A. Hammond, Oliver P. Morton, Thomas A. Hendricks, Albert G. Porter, Ira Joy Chase, Winfield T. Durbin, Thomas R. Marshall, and Robert D. Orr.</p><br>
<p>Kentucky Governor William S. Taylor</p><br>
<p>Allen M. Fletcher, Governor of Vermont, 1912–1915</p><br>
<p>United States Senators include Oliver H. Smith, Thomas A. Hendricks, Benjamin Harrison, Charles W. Fairbanks, Albert J. Beveridge, John W. Kern, Joseph E. McDonald, Thomas Taggart, David Turpie, Homer E. Capehart, Robert Hanna, and Harry S. New.</p><br>
<p>USA Representatives include George W. Julian, General Ebenezer Dumont, Albert Porter, John H. Farquhar, Ralph Hill, Franklin Landers, Samuel M. Moores, William E. Niblack, and Julia Carson.</p><br>
<p>William Henry Harrison Miller, former USA Attorney General.</p><br>
<p>Addison C. Harris, former USA Minister to Austria-Hungary.</p><br>
<p>William D. McCoy, former USA Minister to Liberia.</p><br>
<p>Henry Lane Wilson, former Ambassador to Mexico and USA Minister to Chile and to Belgium.</p><br>
<p>Meredith Nicholson, author and USA Minister to Paraguay, Venezuela, and Nicaragua.</p><br>
<p>Mayors of Indianapolis include Caleb Scudder, James McCready, Henry F. West, Samuel D. Maxwell, John Caven, Daniel W. Grubbs, Caleb S. Denny, Thomas L. Sullivan, Thomas Taggart, Charles A. Bookwalter, John W. Holtzman, Samuel L. Shank, Joseph E. Bell, Charles W. Jewett, John L. Duvall, Claude E. Negley, Reginald H. Sullivan, Walter C. Boetcher, Robert Tyndall, George L. Denny, and Christian J. Emhardt.</p><br>
<p>American Civil War generals for the Union army: Edward Richard Sprigg Canby, Jefferson C. Davis, Abel Streight, George Francis McGinnis, John Parker Hawkins, Robert Sanford Foster, John Coburn, Frederick Knefler, and George Henry Chapman.</p><br>
<p>The remains of 1,616 Confederate soldiers who died during their confinement at Camp Morton, a Union prison camp in Indianapolis. Their remains were transferred to Crown Hill in 1931.</p><br>
<p>Two British Commonwealth service personnel are buried in this cemetery, one from each World War: Captain Joseph Hammond of the Royal Air Force, killed in an air race in 1918, was buried in Carl Fisher&#39;s mausoleum, and Warrant Officer Thomas Taggart Young, Royal Canadian Air Force, who died in 1942.</p><br>
<p>Congressional Medal of Honor recipients: Charles W. Brouse and Jacob (Swanson) Johnson.</p><br>
<p>Roscoe Turner, aviator, winner of a Distinguished Flying Cross, and transcontinental speed recordholder.</p><br>
<p>Ovid Butler, founder of Butler University.</p><br>
<p>Early Indianapolis-based automotive manufacturers Daniel Marmon, a principal of Nordyke Marmon and Company; David M. Parry, founder of the Parry Auto Company; Charles H. Black; Frank P. Fox, Indianapolis 500 driver and owner of the Pope Motor Car Company; auto company partners and brothers Walter C. Marmon and Howard Marmon; and automotive industrialists August Duesenberg and Frederick S. Duesenberg.</p><br>
<p>James A. Allison, Frank Wheeler, Arthur Newby, and Carl Fisher, founders of the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.</p><br>
<p>Richard Jordan Gatling, American inventor, best known for his invention of the Gatling gun.</p><br>
<p>Colonel Eli Lilly, founder of Eli Lilly and Company, and several of his descendants, including Josiah K. Lilly Sr., Josiah K. Lilly Jr., Eli Lilly, and Ruth Lilly.</p><br>
<p>Lyman S. Ayres, founder of L. S. Ayres department stores.</p><br>
<p>Hiram P. Wasson, founder of H. P. Wasson and Company department stores.</p><br>
<p>Arthur Jordan, Indianapolis civic and business leader and philanthropist.</p><br>
<p>Robert Irsay, former owner of the Indianapolis Colts.</p><br>
<p>James H. Kasler, Korean and Vietnam War fighter pilot and POW; only recipient of three Air Force Crosses</p><br>
<p>James Baskett, the first African American man to win an Academy Award and best known for his role as Uncle Remus in Disney&#39;s Song of the South (1944).</p><br>
<p>Sarah T. Bolton, poet.</p><br>
<p>James Whitcomb Riley, poet, best known for his poem "Little Orphant Annie".</p><br>
<p>Etheridge Knight, poet.</p><br>
<p>Booth Tarkington, author and winner of two Pulitzer Prizes.</p><br>
<p>Frank McKinney "Kin" Hubbard, cartoonist and humorist.</p><br>
<p>Jacob Cox, portrait and landscape painter.</p><br>
<p>Hoosier Group artists: Richard Gruelle, Otto Stark, and William Forsyth.</p><br>
<p>Cecil Duane Crabb, ragtime composer.</p><br>
<p>John Dillinger, notorious bank robber in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>Howard Garns, inventor of Sudoku</p><br>
<p>Ezra Dee Alexander, a founder Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Guy Levis Grant, a founder of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Elder Watson Diggs, a founder of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Alfa Lloyd Hayes, a founder of Delta Zeta Sorority.</p><br>
<p>G. T. Haywood, First Presiding Bishop of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the World.</p><br>
<p>Zerelda G. Wallace, temperance advocate and suffragette, second wife of governor and congressman David Wallace, Lew Wallace&#39;s stepmother, and sister-in-law of James Gatling.</p><br>
<p>May Wright Sewall, women&#39;s rights advocate.</p><br>
<p>Toad Ramsey, Major League Baseball player from 1885 through 1890.</p><br>
<p>John Woodruff, Olympic gold medalist in track, 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin.</p><br>
<p>Erwin "Cannonball" Baker, record setting motorcycle racer.</p><br>
<p>Frank McKinney, Olympic gold medalist in swimming, later president of Bank One of Indiana and civic booster.</p><br>
<p>William L. "Bill" Garrett, the first African American to play in the Big Ten Conference.</p><br>
<p>Alexander Ralston, surveyor who designed the original plan of Indianapolis in 1821.</p><br>
<p>Indianapolis 500 winners: Floyd Davis, Louis Schneider, Howdy Wilcox, and Jim Hurtubise</p><br>
<p>John Wesley Hardrick, artist.</p><br>
<p>Stacey Toran, Football defensive back for the Los Angeles Raiders.</p><br>
<p>John F. Geisse, founder of Target Stores, Venture Stores, and The Wholesale Club.</p><br>
<p>Francis Costigan, pioneer Indiana architect</p><br>
<h2>Special sections</h2><br>
<h3>National Cemetery</h3><br>
<p>In 1866 the USA government authorized a USA National Cemetery for Indianapolis as a burial site for Union soldiers who died in military camps and hospitals near the city during the Civil War. The National Cemetery is located on 1.4 acre within the grounds of Crown Hill in Section 10 The federal government purchased the site from Crown Hill&#39;s board for $5,000. On October 19, 1866, the remains of the first Union soldier were removed from Greenlawn Cemetery and interred at the National Cemetery at Crown Hill. By November 1866, the bodies of 707 soldiers had been moved from Greenlawn to the National Cemetery. As of December 31, 1998, the National Cemetery is filled. It encompasses 795 burial sites.</p><br>
<h3>Confederate soldiers' burials</h3><br>
<p>Crown Hill is also a burial site for Confederate soldiers who died at Camp Morton, a prison camp located north of Indianapolis. In 1931, when industrial development around Greenlawn Cemetery required the bodies of the Confederate prisoners to be moved, their remains were interred in a mass grave known as the Confederate Mound in Section 32 at Crown Hill. In 1993 a memorial with ten bronze plaques listing the names of the 1,616 Confederate soldiers and sailors who died at Camp Morton was dedicated at the site.</p><br>
<h3>Field of Valor</h3><br>
<p>Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq prompted expansion of Crown Hill&#39;s military sections to include the Field of Valor on 4 acre of the north grounds. It was dedicated on Veterans Day, November 11, 2004. The Eternal Flame and Eagle Plaza installed in front of the memorial were dedicated on Veterans Day in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<p>Wildlife abounds in Crown Hill Cemetery, which serves as a large refuge for birds, white-tailed deer, and small animals. More than 100 species of trees have been identified on the grounds.</p><br>
<h2>Artworks</h2><br>
<p>There are many works of art on the property, some of which are freestanding, but most of which are associated with a gravesite. Notable examples include:</p><br>
<p>James Whitcomb Riley Monument—Following Riley&#39;s death on July 22, 1916, Crown Hill’s board offered his family the prestigious site at "The Crown", the summit of Crown Hill that overlooks Indianapolis, as his final resting place. His was buried there on October 6, 1917. Riley’s gravesite is marked with a large, open-canopied monument.</p><br>
<p>Forrest Memorial—This is the gravesite of Albertina Allen Forrest, wife of Butler University professor and Citizens Gas general manager Jacob Dorrsey Forrest. She died on April 27, 1904. To mark the grave, her husband commissioned Viennese sculptor Rudolf Schwarz, whose work adorns numerous monuments and memorials including the Soldiers and Sailors Monument in Indianapolis, to create "Statue in Repose", a kneeling woman in mourning beneath a couplet from Alfred Lord Tennyson’s "In Memoriam". Albertina&#39;s husband, who died in 1930, is buried in an unmarked grave beside the memorial.</p><br>
<p>Three limestone statues depicting the Greek goddesses Themis, Demeter, and Persephone from the old Marion County Courthouse were purchased for the cemetery for $325. The courthouse was demolished in 1962.</p><br>
<p>"Equatorial Sundial"—David L. Rodgers was commissioned to create the functional sundial in 1985. It was fabricated of Indiana limestone in Bloomington, Indiana, and installed in front of the Community Mausoleum in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Hoosier Artists Contemporary Sculpture Walk was established to mark Crown Hills 140th anniversary and includes works by ten artists, including Michael B. Wilsons "Social Attachments" and Eric Nordgulen&#39;s "Antenna Man".</p><br>
<h2>Notable memorials</h2><br>
<p>Medical Science Donor Memorial, installed in 1991. In 1978 the Anatomical Education Board of the Indiana University School of Medicine purchased Section 41-A to inter the cremated remains of bodies that had been studied. As of 2011 more than one thousand medical donors have been recognized at the memorial.</p><br>
<p>Indiana AIDS Memorial, dedicated on October 29, 2000, is the first permanent AIDS memorial located in a cemetery.</p><br>
<p>The Heroes of Public Safety monument, dedicated on September 11, 2002, is inscribed with the names of police, firefighters, and other public safety personnel who died in the line of duty.</p><br>
<p>The Hearts Remembered Memorial, dedicated on June 4, 2006, remembers the city&#39;s orphaned and abandoned children, many of whom were buried in unmarked graves.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>Gothic chapel—Indianapolis architect Diedrich A. Bohlen designed the High Victorian Gothic-style chapel and vault, which were built east of the National Cemetery in 1875 at an initial cost of $38,922. They replaced an earlier vault that was used as temporary storage for bodies awaiting burial. In 1917 D.A. Bolen and Son designed an addition to the structure designed by D. A. Bohlen, the architectural firm&#39;s founder. The chapel and vaults were restored in the early 1970s at a cost of $120,000. CSO Architects began a major renovation and expansion in 2001. The project cost $3.2 million and received an excellence in Architecture Award from the American Institute of Architects, Indiana chapter, in 2007.</p><br>
<p>East gate, Waiting Station, and Porters Lodge—Adolf Scherrer, an Indianapolis architect of Swiss origins, designed the High Victorian Gothic gateway and Waiting Station for the cemeterys main entrance at Thirty-fourth Street and Boulevard Place. Construction began in May 1885. The three-arched gateway was completed in November 1885, in time for the funeral of vice-president and former Indiana governor Thomas A. Hendricks. The gate was built of Bedford limestone. The Waiting Station exterior is brick and limestone. A gatehouse house that became known as Porters Lodge at the gates south side was designed by the Indianapolis architectural firm of Vonnegut and Bohn and built in 1904. The Crown Hill board leased the Waiting Station to Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana in 1970 for one dollar per year, provided the preservation organization agreed to restore the historic structure. The restoration was completed by February 1971. HLFI moved to offices on Michigan Street in 1990 and the Waiting Station was leased until the mid-1990s, when Crown Hill began using it for office space. Crown Hill spent an additional $500,000 to restore the Waiting Station in the late 1990s. It was restored again in 2001 and serves as a meeting place for cemetery tours and programs.</p><br>
<p>Subway bridge/underpass—The underpass beneath Thirty-eight Street that connects the north and south grounds is also known as the Subway. Construction began in 1925 and was completed in 1927 at cost of $170,000. It was restored in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>West gate and gatehouse—In 1901 the original west entrance to the cemetery was demolished and an arched Romanesque gate and a gatehouse designed by Indianapolis architect Herbert Foltz was erected at its southwest corner. The west gate was closed in 1965 and demolished the following year.</p><br>
<p>Masonry fence—In 1914 George Kessler designed a brick and wrought-iron fence to replace the cemetery&#39;s wood and wire fencing. The masonry fence surrounded three quarters of the south grounds and the southern end of the north grounds along Thirty-eighth Street. It cost nearly $138,000. The fence has a 4 ft thick concrete base, brick supports 8.5 ft in height, and sections of wrought iron measuring 25 ft in length that rest on brick support walls. Brick pillars at the entrances are more than 12 ft tall. Construction of the fence, which is approximately 3 mi long, was completed in 1920. A multi-year restoration costing $600,000 began in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Mausoleums—Crown Hill contains several family and communal mausoleums: Community Mausoleum, designed by D. A. Bohlen and Company, was completed in the early 1950s. Its exterior is made of Indiana Bedford limestone; the interior is marble. Abbey Mausoleum, which was planned in 1993, is designed by Patrick L. Fly and cost $1.3 million. It is built of Indiana limestone and Carnelian granite.</p><br>
<p>Superintendent’s residence—A home for the superintendent remained on cemetery grounds until 1950. D. A. Bohlen designed a three-story Victorian house to replace a log cabin structure in the late 1860s. Fire destroyed the Victorian residence in 1913, but a new three-story brick home was already under construction as its replacement. The brick residence was removed from Crown Hill in 1950.</p><br>
<p>Administrative offices—A building erected at Thirty-eighth and Clarenden Streets in 1969 serves as Crown Hill’s business offices.</p><br>
<p>Mortuary and crematorium—Groundbreaking for a $1.5 million mortuary took place in May 1992. Architect J. Stuart Todd drew up the plans. The funeral home opened on March 1, 1993. Gibralter Remembrance Services, LLC, who purchased the mortuary in 2006, built a 9,500 square foot expansion. A new crematorium was added in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Image:Benjamin Harrison grave 2.JPGBenjamin Harrison&#39;s grave</p><br>
<p>Image:Crown Hill Confederates.JPGGraves of Confederate prisoners of war who died at Camp Morton</p><br>
<p>Image:Indy Skyline Riley.JPGSkyline of Indianapolis from Riley&#39;s grave</p><br>
<p>Image:James Whitecomb Riley grave closeup.JPGCloseup of James Whitcomb Riley&#39;s grave</p><br>
<p>File:John Dillinger grave Crown Hill.jpgJohn Dillinger&#39;s grave</p><br>
<p>Image:Oliver Morton grave.JPGOliver P. Morton&#39;s grave</p><br>
<p>Image:MarshallGrave.jpgThomas R. Marshall&#39;s grave</p><br>
<p>Redang Island  is an island in Kuala Nerus District, Terengganu, Malaysia. It is one of the largest islands off the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It is famous for its crystal clear waters and white sandy beaches. It is one of nine islands, which form a marine sanctuary park offering snorkeling and diving opportunities for tourists.</p><br>
<h2>Archipelago</h2><br>
<p>The Redang archipelago comprises Pulau Redang, Pulau Lima, Pulau Paku Besar, Pulau Paku Kecil, Pulau Kerengga Kecil, Pulau Kerengga Besar, Pulau Ekor Tebu, Pulau Ling and Pulau Pinang. Pulau Redang is the biggest of all the islands in the Marine Park, measuring about 7 km long and 6 km wide. Its highest peak is Bukit Besar at 359 m above sea level. The boundary of the Pulau Redang Marine Park is established by a line linking all points 2 nmi from the shores of Pulau Redang, Pulau Lima, Pulau Ekor Tebu and Pulau Pinang. The other nearby islands of Pulau Perhentian Besar, Pulau Perhentian Kecil, Pulau Lang Tengah, Pulau Kapas and Pulau Susu Dara are also gazetted and protected as Marine Parks. Today, only the bigger islands like Redang, Lang Tengah, Perhentian and Kapas have resort facilities for visitors. The management of Marine Parks primarily involves protection of the sensitive marine and terrestrial ecosystems by controlling the impact from human activities. These include waste pollution management and conservation of coral reefs and terrestrial habitats.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>In contrast to the neighbouring Perhentian Islands, Redang has a more upmarket image, as almost all accommodation on the island is resort-based. The largest beach is Pasir Panjang on the east side, featuring half a dozen resorts. The beach is covered with soft white sand. Coral and fish can be seen just a few metres from the beach. The other beach resorts are located in Teluk Dalam on the north and Teluk Kalong to the south. Redang has a tropical climate with temperatures steadily around 30 &deg;C and frequent but brief thunderstorms. Like the rest of Malaysia&#39;s east coast, Redang is affected by the northeast monsoon from the South China Sea, so most resorts are closed and ferry transport schedules are severely restricted between October and March.</p><br>
<p>The 2000 film, Summer Holiday was filmed on the Laguna Redang Island Resort, and a replica of the tea house now serves as the resort&#39;s gift shop.</p><br>
<p>Since 2012, the annual Island Music Festival has been hosted on Redang Island at the end of every October. It features many Malaysian Cultural, Nature, Sports and Music Activities.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The island is an important conservation site for sea turtles. Previously, the indiscriminate economic exploitation of turtle eggs had caused fewer turtles returning to nest on the island. This has led the Terengganu state government to set up the Koperasi Setiajaya Pulau Redang in 1989, a cooperative aiming to develop and manage socio-economic programmes that could improve the livelihood of Pulau Redang locals without endangering its natural resources.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Access is from Merang or Shahbandar jetty on boats operated by the resorts. Redang Airport is a small airport with services operated by Berjaya Air from Singapore (Changi Airport) and Kuala Lumpur (Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport).</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Tasik Kenyir or Kenyir Lake is an artificial lake located in Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia created in 1985 by the damming of the Kenyir River. The lake provides water to the Sultan Mahmud Power Station. It is the largest man-made lake in South East Asia with an area of 260,000 hectares.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lake borders Kelantan in the west and Pahang in the south. This immense lake also serves as another gateway to Taman Negara. The lake has a surface area of 260 km² and contains 340 small islands, which were previously hilltops prior to the creation of the lake, more than 14 waterfalls and numerous rivers and rapids. Because the lake is a reservoir, the water level can vary depending on the month. The water level is highest (and the lake consequently the most beautiful) in March and April.</p><br>
<h2>Flora and fauna</h2><br>
<p>Kenyir Lake is also home to numerous species of freshwater fishes and exotic wildlife. With a water catchment area of 38,000 hectares, the lake is naturally a haven for freshwater fish. A recent study revealed that there are some 300 species of freshwater fish dwelling in the lake. The presence of dead trees around the lake serves as a perfect breeding ground for these fishes. Algae growing on dead trees and branches serve as the main form of sustenance for the fishes. From studies and observations conducted by the Department of Fisheries, species such as the big Lampam Sungai (barboides), Kelah (Malayan mahseer or Tor tambroides), Toman (snakehead), Kawan (Friendly Barb), Kalui (Giant Gouramy) and Kelisa (green arowana) are found in waters and around dead trees.</p><br>
<p>The jungles surrounding Kenyir Lake are home to some endangered species, such as Asian elephants and Malaysian tigers.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Although an artificial lake, the area has been successfully developed for eco-tourism, and there are many resorts on its shores. Fishing is popular, as are jungle treks, waterfalls and caves.</p><br>
<p>According to the locals, the best season for fishing is August when the water level is lower.</p><br>
<p>Popular spots for jungle trekking are Pengkalan Gawi, Bewah at National Park, along the rivers of Saok, Lasir, Tembat and Lawit. Kayaking, canoeing, boating, rafting and rapids shooting are among the many water sport activities available here.</p><br>
<h2>The Story of Lake Kenyir</h2><br>
<p>OLD BEFORE being flooded, the Kenyir Lake, once fertile and beautiful, was once part of the earliest settlement area in Hulu Terengganu.</p><br>
<p>Although it is no longer a reference, the names of villages such as Melor, Keliok, Berching, Evening, Mentong, Malacca, Kuala Terenggan, Kerbak and Belimbing will be heard when some of the hydro-electric dams are on track.</p><br>
<p>But now the story of the people who once lived far upstream of the Terengganu River was not something that was known. Most of the oral stories that descend from generation to generation have been forgotten.</p><br>
<p>Located in Kampung Dura, Kuala Berang named Abbas Othman is well known as a former resident who lived in the village on the base of Lake Kenyir before being flooded in 1984.</p><br>
<p>At age 77, Abbas can be said to be among the last generation of lake dwellers who are willing to share life stories in his native village, Kampung Kuala Terenggan.</p><br>
<p>When sharing his childhood memory, Abbas admits that the life of the village about 60 years ago is far different from the present life.</p><br>
<p>He said the life of the village can be likened to being in a unique world.</p><br>
<p>Abbas said the position of a village apart from other settlements led the population to rely heavily on natural resources so that the ringgit did not have any value.</p><br>
<p>"When I was a kid I never saw money because the villagers did not use money to buy things.</p><br>
<p>"I like rice planting rice, I want to fish in the river," he said.</p><br>
<p>According to Abbas, money will only be withdrawn from guri (small shrimp) several times a year when residents want to go to Kuala Terengganu to buy salt and clothing.</p><br>
<p>He added that the ride on bamboo rafts to Kuala Terengganu about 50 kilometers from his village took four to five days.</p><br>
<p>"Traveling with bamboo rafts is very challenging as people are forced to catch a river that is rugged and rocky.</p><br>
<p>"Usually one raft contains three to four people. They will swing in turns. There was a time when the raft broke into the stream, "he said.</p><br>
<p>According to Abbas, life in the middle of the jungle that the people in the area had begun to get the attention of the government around the 1950s to suggest that residents move.</p><br>
<p>He said the government promised compensation of four hectares of land to those who moved to Kuala Berang.</p><br>
<p>"The first migration began in 1950 after the people felt that life in the forest was covered by poverty.</p><br>
<p>"They move in stages because some do not want to move because they love the vast garden and rice fields," he said.</p><br>
<p>According to Abbas, he and his family moved three times from Kampung Kuala Terenggan to Kampung Petang and to Kampung Berching before settling fully in Kampung Dura since 1959.</p><br>
<p>He added that the passage of a resident from the Kenyir Lake policy was about 20 years before the construction of the Sultan Mahmud Electric Power Station dam at Kampung Jenagor, Kuala Berang.</p><br>
<p>"As I remember, there are about 80 families involved in the first round of the move," he said.</p><br>
<p>Apart from residents from Kampung Petang and Berching, Kampung Dura is now also being shared by residents from Kampung Kelitok and Berching.</p><br>
<p>At present, the former village that turns into the lake is still visible on the riverbed which still retains its original name.</p><br>
<p>Lang Tengah Island  is an island in Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. It is connected to the mainland by ferries to Merang.</p><br>
<h2>Getting There</h2><br>
<p>Lang Tengah Island is located about 40 km north east of Kuala Terengganu (22.5 km from Tanjung Merang) on the east coast of peninsular Malaysia.</p><br>
<p>Tanjung Merang is a small fishing village 45 minutes north of Kuala Terengganu and the jetty is a few minutes outside of the village. The Lang Tengah Island can be reached by boat from Tanjung Merang (not to be confused with Marang, south of Kuala Terengganu), 45 minutes’ drive north of Kuala Terengganu. Speedboat departures from here are usually pre-arranged with your resort and take 40 minutes. Most boat operators have a fixed schedule, with two departures daily (morning and afternoon) in peak season and one departure in off-peak season. Transfers cost around RM95 return.</p><br>
<p>It is possible to charter a boat (from RM380 per trip) to Lang Tengah Island from Tanjung Merang, Redang Island or the Perhentian Islands.</p><br>
<h2>Hotels</h2><br>
<p>The island appeals more to holiday goers who are looking for a quiet tropical island getaway. This is much quieter with less development than nearby Redang). There are only 4 resort hotels located on the island. including one which has closed down.</p><br>
<p>Sari Pacifica Lang Tengah</p><br>
<p>Lang Sari Resort (formerly Square Point Resort)</p><br>
<p>Summer Bay Lang Tengah Island Resort (formerly Redang Lang Resort)</p><br>
<p>D&#39;Coconut Resort</p><br>
<p>Blue Coral Island Resort (closed down)</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The tropical waters around Lang Tengah are clear with turquoise hues. The designated marine park in the island has corals and fish life is quite excellent. During peak season, the waters are calm which is excellent for learning to dive with one of the dive centres on the island.</p><br>
<p>In contrast to the neighboring islands of Perhentians and Redang, the island is quite low key. Almost all accommodation on the island are resort-based. Lang Tengah has a tropical climate with temperatures steadily around 30 °C and frequent but brief thunderstorms.</p><br>
<p>The 2011 Hong Kong-Chinese film, Love You You was filmed on the Summer Bay Lang Tengah Island Resort.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>The island has excellent coral reefs with teeming fish life and occasional sharks and rays.</p><br>
<p>The island has nesting green turtles from April to October. Occasional hawksbill turtles also nest and are regularly seen in the sea. There are quite a few monitor lizards (biawak in Malay) but they are rarely seen near the resort beaches. In the early morning, the smaller monitor lizards commonly patrol the shoreline in the quiet parts of the island.</p><br>
<p>The island is covered with primary forest and has a wide variety of birds, frogs, lizards and insects.</p><br>
<h2>Weather and seasons</h2><br>
<p>Like the rest of Malaysia&#39;s east coast, Lang Tengah is affected by the northeast monsoon from the South China Sea, so most resorts are closed and ferry transport schedules are severely restricted between October and March.</p><br>
<p>Tinggi Island,  is a large sparsely inhabited island, which rises 2000 ft  above sea level off the east coast of Johor, Malaysia. It was nicknamed the "General&#39;s Hat"  by Chinese seamen hundreds of years ago. It is located about 20 nautical miles  southeast of Mersing, on the east coast of Johor.</p><br>
<p>The journey by boat to Tinggi Island takes approximately 45 minutes. The interior of the island is mostly covered with secondary lowland Dipterocarp rainforest. It has fresh waters, fruits, rattan, timber and a sheltered harbour and coral reefs which abound with prolific marine life. It has a long coastline and white sandy beaches dotted with caves. The seas around it contain coral, fish and reef.</p><br>
<p>This island has the highest residential population among the east coast Johor islands, with the latest tally estimated at 448 people, from three village settlements: Kampung Tanjung Balang, Kampung Pasir Panjang and Kampung Sebirah Besar.</p><br>
<p>Rawa Island  is a coral island in Mersing District, Johor, Malaysia. It is popular with tourists from Malaysia and Singapore, who come to enjoy its relatively unspoiled white sand beaches, snorkelling and scuba diving. Nearby islands include Harimau and Mensirip. There is a daily ferry service from Mersing.</p><br>
<p>"Rawa" is the local term for white doves, which are abundant in the island.</p><br>
<p>Rawa is a relatively small island. There are no proper roads, only a few walkways. One side of the island is a beach covered with white sand, while the other side has a rocky vertical cliff. The water is clear. There are many sea and land creatures such as fishes, squids, jellyfish, octopuses, Malayan sea eagles, and reptiles. Also sharks Blacktip reef sharks can be found feeding in the sea off rawa. Rawa&#39;s waters are home to an abundance of corals.</p><br>
<p>there are 2 resorts on the island (Rawa Safaris and )</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>Rawa Island is approximately 30 minutes boat ride from Mersing town, a small port within Johor.</p><br>
<p>Sibu Island  is a small island in Mersing District, Johor, Malaysia. It consists of several islands, namely Sibu Besar Island, Sibu Tengah Island, Sibu Kukus Island and Sibu Hujung Island.</p><br>
<p>Sibu Besar, the main island, is approximately 6 km long and 1 km wide, and for the most part covered by tropical vegetation. On the southern end there is a small fishing village called Kampong Duku with a population of fewer than a hundred people (about 40 families).</p><br>
<p>The main leisure activities on the island are watersports such as snorkelling and diving - not surprising since the area was designated a Marine Park in 1993 and numerous coral reefs are close to hand.</p><br>
<p>There are four main beaches on the eastern side of Sibu, where most of the beach resorts are located. Sea Gypsy Village Resort and Dive Base and Sibu Island Cabanas are situated on a beach facing Tinggi Island. Other resorts, such as Rimba Resort, are on the opposite side. Resorts facing the mainland are Coconut Village Resort, Junansa Villa and Twin Beach Resort. Most of the resorts are closed during the annual 3-month monsoon period, save for those facing the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Tengah Island is a privately owned island. It lies nine nautical miles off the coast of Mersing on the South China Sea off the east coast of Johor, Malaysia. It is 30 minutes away by boat from Mersing.</p><br>
<p>Near Besar Island, Tengah Island is 16 km off the coast and is an easy 45-minute boat ride. During the 1970s, the island became famous as a Vietnamese refugee transit camp which was subsequently closed in the early 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The island was the first location for the making of the TV-show Expedition Robinson in 1997.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, Tengah Island was one of the few islands gazetted by the Malaysian government as a Marine Park due to its abundant marine life and rare species of fish and coral.</p><br>
<p>The island is home to an upscale resort called Batu Batu. The resort runs a conservation program called Turtle Watch Camp where marine biologists have built a hatchery to protect sea turtle eggs until they hatch and are ready to enter the sea.</p><br>
<p>Pemanggil Island  is an island in Mersing District, Johor, Malaysia. It sits 45 km east of Mersing, the take-off point to most islands off the Southern coast of Peninsular Malaysia. It is situated next to Tioman, requires a 4- to 5-hour ride by boat from Mersing. To get to Mersing itself takes 4½ hours by car or roughly 6 hours by coach from Kuala Lumpur.</p><br>
<p>As with most inhabited islands in Malaysian waters, Pemanggil has its fair share of history, mystery and spooky tales. The island is fishermen&#39;s best-kept secret. It is known for deep-sea fishing and good hunting grounds for marlins and mackerels.</p><br>
<p>This remote island is also famed for the beauty and abundance of marine life within its clear emerald waters. Its other magnetic charms include endless stretches of white sandy beaches and awesome snorkelling spots. Fishing and diving is excellent here.</p><br>
<p>For the adventurous, the hill outcrop of the island makes for a challenging climb and the summit holds an inherent scenic beauty of the far reaching ocean.</p><br>
<p>On the north-eastern coast of Pemanggil Island is Teluk Lancang, an isolated bay where coconut trees grow in abundance amidst the tropical vegetation. At the heart of the island, there is a huge boulder known locally as Batu Buau which locals regard as sacred. It would definitely not go unnoticed and is clearly visible as far as 50 km from the south of Tioman Island.</p><br>
<p>Besar Island , formerly known as Babi Besar Island, is an island in Mersing District, Johor, Malaysia.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>It is said that this island got its former name, Babi Besar Island from the numerous wild boars that roamed the island before man inhabited the place. Nowadays, there is not a single boar on the island and thus, the island was renamed as Besar Island.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The island, which is surrounded by Rawa, Sibu and Tinggi Island, is characterised by quiet, clean beaches of powdery white sand and crystal-clear azure waters. To preserve the unspoiled marine life, the Government has gazetted it as a marine park to protect around 60 species of marine life from any activities that can harm their natural habitats within 2 nmi around the island.</p><br>
<p>The island&#39;s highest point rises some 845 ft above the sea level. Rich hues of wild vegetation are dappled throughout with the lush greens of the coconut palms and tropical jungles.</p><br>
<h2>Administrative divisions</h2><br>
<p>The island is divided into 6 villages, which are:</p><br>
<p>Atap Zing Village</p><br>
<p>Batu Hitam Village</p><br>
<p>Busong Village</p><br>
<p>Teluk Bakau Village</p><br>
<p>Teluk Kampa Village</p><br>
<p>Teluk Penagat Village</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>The island is accessible by boat from Mersing Town in Johor mainland.</p><br>
<p>The Duduma Waterfall, 175 m high, is formed by the Machkund river in Odisha & Andhra Pradesh states of India.</p><br>
<p>Duduma is about 92 km from Koraput and about 177 km from Visakhapatnam. It forms a part of the boundary between Andhra Pradesh and Odisha.</p><br>
<p>Duduma Waterfalls is one of the highest waterfalls in India. Its waters support a large hydroelectric project called Machkund Hydro Electric Power Project located at Onukudelli. Machkund is an important place for pilgrimage. The name Machkund derived from a pilgrimage point called Matsya Kundanear the township of Paderu in Andhra Pradesh. A beautiful township called Onukudelli has grown around this lovely place. The aboriginal tribe of Bondas live near this waterfalls. It has two sub-waterfalls one on the Odisha side and the other on the Andhra Pradesh side. The waterfalls lie in picturesque surroundings. It is one of the best tourist spots in Southern India.</p><br>
<p>Lemhi Pass is a high mountain pass in the Beaverhead Mountains, part of the Bitterroot Range in the Rocky Mountains and within Salmon-Challis National Forest. The pass lies on the Montana-Idaho border on the continental divide, at an elevation of 7,373 feet above sea level. It is accessed via Lemhi Pass Road in Montana, and the Lewis and Clark Highway in Idaho, both dirt roads. Warm Springs Road, which roughly follows the divide in Montana, passes just west of the pass&#39;s high point.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The pass gained importance in the 18th century, when the Lemhi Shoshone acquired horses and used the route to travel between the two main parts of their homeland. From the time of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 until the Oregon Treaty in 1846 the pass marked the western border of the United States. On August 12, 1805 Meriwether Lewis and three other members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition crossed the Continental Divide at Lemhi Pass. Lewis found a "large and plain Indian road" over the pass. This was the first time that white men had seen present-day Idaho:</p><br>
<p>We proceeded to the top of the dividing ridge from which I discovered immense ranges of high mountains still to the West of us with their tops partially covered in snow The next day Lewis met Cameahwait and his band of Shoshone, and returned with them across the pass to meet Clark. On August 26, 1805 the entire expedition crossed the pass.</p><br>
<p>In the early 19th century the pass was regularly used by the Blackfoot people, so that in 1824 Alexander Ross referred to the route as the Blackfoot route. At that time the pass itself was known as North Pass, to distinguish from South Pass. The pass derives its present name from Fort Lemhi, founded in 1855 by Mormon missionaries who were the first non-Indians to establish a sustained relationship with the Salmon River Indian people.</p><br>
<p>During the mining era the pass was used by stagecoaches, but the route fell into disuse after 1910, when the Gilmore and Pittsburgh Railroad was built through the nearby Bannock Pass. Only a single track dirt road now crosses the pass.</p><br>
<p>The pass was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.</p><br>
<h2>Mineral resources</h2><br>
<p>The Lemhi Pass area contains the richest deposits of thorium discovered in the United States. Rare earth elements have also been discovered in Lemhi Pass. Rare earth element products include magnets, lasers, colorant for glass and enamels and X-ray machines.</p><br>
<p>Blaise Castle is a folly built in 1766 near Henbury in Bristol, England. The castle sits within the Blaise Castle Estate, which also includes Blaise Castle House, a Grade II* listed 18th-century mansion house. The folly castle is also Grade II* listed and ancillary buildings including the orangery and dairy also have listings. Along with Blaise Hamlet, a group of nine small cottages around a green built in 1811 for retired employees, and various subsidiary buildings, the parkland is listed Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.</p><br>
<p>The site has signs of occupation during the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman periods. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries the site was sold. In 1766 Thomas Farr commissioned Robert Mylne to build the sham castle in Gothic Revival style. After Farrs bankruptcy, the estate was sold several times until purchased by John Scandrett Harford, who demolished the previous dwelling in 1789 and built the Neoclassical Blaise Castle House. His son, also named John Scandrett Harford, continued with the development of the buildings and estate, which his family occupied until 1926, when it was bought by Bristol City Council. The park was laid out by Humphry Repton in the early 19th century. The estate is now owned by Bristol City Council. The house is run as a museum by the Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery and holds a variety of collections. The Picture Room, added in the 1830s, is hung with paintings, mostly of the 19th century. There are selections on display from Bristol Museums 10,000 items of historic costume, and of toys from the 18th century to the 1980s.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Flint fragments show Blaise Castle Estate was probably first inhabited by Neolithic farmers. There is more definitive evidence for Bronze Age, Iron Age and Roman activity through the distinctive hill-forts in the area and other archaeological finds.</p><br>
<p>The land was granted to the Bishop of Worcester as part of the Kingdom of Mercia before the Norman conquest. During this time, when it was the property of the church, the estate had a chapel dedicated to Saint Blaise, which has given the estate its name. Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the estate was granted to Ralph Sadler who let it to tenants until 1675. A large part of the estate was bought by Sir Samuel Astry of Henbury.</p><br>
<h2>Blaise Castle House</h2><br>
<p>In the later 18th century, the estate was owned by a sugar merchant, Thomas Farr, who bought it from Astry&#39;s descendents in 1762; The hall has bas-relief medallions by Bertel Thorvaldsen.</p><br>
<p>The elder Harford also had Blaise Hamlet built to house his servants and tenants, to designs of Nash and George Repton, in 1811. The estate was sold to Bristol City Council in 1926, to preserve it from development. During World War II the house was occupied by the armed forces. A branch of the Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery since 1949, Blaise Castle House now features collections relating to household items in addition to its period interior decoration. Galleries have displays of historic domestic equipment used for lighting, cooking, cleaning, washing, including a display of toilets. A room fitted as a Victorian schoolroom is popular for re-enactment sessions with school groups.</p><br>
<h2>Blaise Castle</h2><br>
<p>On a hill above the gorge is a sham castle in Gothic Revival style overlooking Bristol, Avonmouth and the Avon Gorge, with views across to South Wales on a clear day. It was built in 1766, by Robert Mylne, on the site of a chapel dedicated to Saint Blaise. The folly is reputed to have cost £3,000. The circular building is built of local ashlar stone with limestone dressings. It has three turrets with crenallated parapets.</p><br>
<p>It was a popular attraction from the first, open to paying visitors, from which vessels could be seen passing on the River Avon. The castle was mentioned by Jane Austen in her novel Northanger Abbey. John Thorpe, planning a trip to Bristol with Catherine Morland and her brother, describes the castle as "the finest place in England – worth going fifty miles at any time to see.</p><br>
<p>It was inhabited into the 20th century and was elaborately decorated internally. It is a Grade II* listed building and was restored in 1957.</p><br>
<h2>Blaise Hamlet</h2><br>
<p>Blaise Hamlet is a hamlet composed of a group of nine small cottages around a green. It was originally within the estate grounds, but is now separated from the rest of the site by a road. All the cottages, and the sundial on the green are Grade I listed buildings. Nikolaus Pevsner described Blaise Hamlet as "the ne plus ultra of picturesque layout and design." Blaise Hamlet was built around 1811 for Harford&#39;s retired employees.</p><br>
<p>The hamlet was designed by John Nash, master of the Picturesque style. He had worked for Harford on other buildings. The hamlet is the first fully realised exemplar of the garden suburb and was the inspiration for virtually all garden suburbs that followed. The cottages are all unique and include brick chimneys and dormer windows with some having thatched roofs. They are examples of the picturesque, an aesthetic ideal introduced into English cultural debate in 1782 by William Gilpin. An oval path links the cottages and encircles the village green, which has a sundial at its centre. The cottage gardens are planted in a Victorian cottage garden style.</p><br>
<h2>The estate</h2><br>
<p>The castle and its 650 acre of parkland are now open to the public. Along with Blaise Hamlet, the parkland is listed Grade II* on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.</p><br>
<p>The grounds were laid out by Humphry Repton (1752–1818) a leading landscape gardener. Parts of Repton&#39;s designs still exist, notably the carriage drive which winds its way from the house, sections of which follow the original route. In addition to the conservatory and the almshouses in Blaise Hamlet, Nash built the limestone dairy in 1802.</p><br>
<p>The grounds include a gorge cut by the Hazel Brook through Bristols limestone. The gorge has a number of landscape features, including Gorams Chair, a limestone outcrop often used by climbers, and Lovers Leap and Potters Point, two panoramic viewing spots. Stratford Mill was moved from West Harptree and re-erected within the gorge after Chew Valley Lake was flooded to form a reservoir. Ongoing renovations started in 2004 of the mill, settling ponds and associated estate pathways. At the gorges southern end, Hazel Brook joins the River Trym, which continues its flow towards Sea Mills. Other features within the estate include two pools: the Giants Soapdish and the Penny Well, and two caves: the Robbers Cave and the Butchers Cave.</p><br>
<p>Kings Weston Hill, to the west of the castle, also forms the part of the estate which is close to Kings Weston Roman Villa.</p><br>
<p>Penobscot Bay is an inlet of the Gulf of Maine and Atlantic Ocean in south central Maine. The bay originates from the mouth of Maine&#39;s Penobscot River, downriver from Belfast. Penobscot Bay has many working waterfronts including Rockland, Rockport, and Stonington, and Belfast upriver. Penobscot Bay is between Muscongus Bay and Blue Hill Bay, just west of Acadia National Park.</p><br>
<p>11,000 years ago, at the beginning of the Holocene epoch, the Gulf of Maine&#39;s sea level fell as low as 180 feet (55 m) below its present height. Penobscot Bay was then a continuation of Penobscot River that meandered through a broad lowland extending past present day Matinicus Island.</p><br>
<p>Penobscot Bay and its chief tributary, Penobscot River are named for the Penobscot Indian Nation, which has continuously inhabited the area for more than ten thousand years, fishing, hunting and shellfish gathering in and around the bay and river. A part of the Wabanaki Confederacy, the Penobscot Indian Nations present reservation includes Indian Island, north of Orono, Maine, and all the islands of Penobscot River above it. Ancient remains of their campsites dating back millennia have been found on the bays shores and islands.</p><br>
<p>There are many islands in this bay, and on them, some of the country&#39;s most well-known summer colonies.</p><br>
<h2>Penobscot Bay Conservation Issues</h2><br>
<p>Historic Water Pollution Management.</p><br>
<p>Penobscot Bay has been the receiving waters for sewage waste and industrial waste discharges from bay and river towns since the 19th century. Discharge treatment was primarily dilution until the mid 20th century when the federal government began requiring communities and businesses of all states to meet water pollution control standards.</p><br>
<p>, where states were requested to evolve and enforce their own standards, federal water pollution regulation evolved in 1970 to require that any project requiring a federal permit must be certified to meet state standards, then expanded in 1972 to require projects to meet a host of federal standards. The law is now known as the Clean Water Act of 1972</p><br>
<p>On June 28, 1966, the State of Maine&#39;s Commissioner of Sea and Shore Fisheries, Ronald W. Green, ordered closure of the shellfish beds in the waters of Searsport and Stockton Springs, in upper Penobscot Bay, "due to the polluted condition of the water."</p><br>
<p>The US Department of the Interior&#39;s Water Pollution Control Administration and the US Public Health Service then conducted a joint investigation of the lower Penobscot River and upper Penobscot Bay "to determine the sources of this pollution, the direction of travel of this pollution and the degree of economic injury involved."</p><br>
<p>In February 1967, the Water Pollution Control Administration (WPCA) published its findings as</p><br>
<p>. The investigation found that the sewage from eleven towns,and effluents of thirteen businesses and one university facility were the chief sources of the pollution.</p><br>
<p>According to the report,"substantial economic injury results from the inability to market shellfish or shellfish products in interstate commerce because of pollution caused by sewage and industrial wastes discharged to the Penobscot River and upper Penobscot Bay area and action of state authorities." The WPCA noted that "accordingly the pollution of these navigable waters is subject to abatement under procedures described in Section 10 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended"</p><br>
<p>The WPCA report recommended specific water quality requirements for these pollution dischargers, and concluded that if the identified pollution sources improved their waste treatment practices, the waters of the upper Penobscot Bay communities of Northport, Searsport, Stockton Springs, Penobscot, Castine, Islesboro and Belfast, Maine would again be available for commercial and recreational fishing, swimming, pleasure boating, industrial processing and cooling water, wildlife and navigation.</p><br>
<h2>Penobscot Bay Fisheries</h2><br>
<p>Early Commercial Lobstering: 1840s to 1870s.</p><br>
<p>Penobscot Bay was one of the first Maine lobster grounds exploited on a significant commercial scale. A United States Fish Commission report "The Lobster Fishery of Maine" in the details some of these early ventures, as these excerpts reveal:</p><br>
<p>"In 1847 Captain Oakes purchased the smack Josephine, with which he began running to Johnson & Youngs establishment, at Boston, in 1848, buying a portion of his lobsters in the Penobscot Bay region, where this fishery had just been started. The quantity of lobsters carried by him that year was 40,000.... Lobsters were so abundant at the Muscle Ridges, at this period, that four men could fully supply Captain Oakes with lobsters every trip. In the course of ten days each man would obtain between 1,200 and 1,500 marketable lobsters. In Captain Oakes opinion, the Muscle Ridges have furnished the most extensive lobster fishery of the Maine coast. He ran to this locality until 1874."</p><br>
<p>"Capt. S. S. Davis, of South Saint George, states that about 1864, when he first began buying lobsters at the Muscle Ridges, three men, tending 40 to 50 pots each, caught all the count lobsters he could carry to market in his smack. He could load 5,000 lobsters at a time, and averaged a trip in 7 to 9 days. This traffic continued for six or seven years. In 1879, Captain Davis bought from 15 men In the same locality, and at times was obliged to buy also of others in order to make up a load."</p><br>
<p>"The fishery at North Haven began in 1848, but did not increase so rapidly at first as in sections farther west, as the smacks would only take the medium-sized lobsters, fearing that the largest would not be able to stand the trip. At Matinicus Island the fishing began in 1868. In 1852 the people on Deer Island began the fishery, and as the smackmen made frequent visits the business rapidly increased. The establishment of a cannery at Oceanville, about 1860, also caused a considerable development of the fishery. The fishery was started at Isle an Haute about 1855, and at Swan Island in the early fifties."</p><br>
<h2>Penobscot Bay Conservation and Environmental Groups</h2><br>
<p>Groups with chief focus on Penobscot Bay or parts thereof.</p><br>
<h2>Islands in Penobscot Bay</h2><br>
<p>Isle au Haut</p><br>
<p>Islesboro</p><br>
<p>North Haven</p><br>
<p>Vinalhaven</p><br>
<p>Matinicus Isle</p><br>
<p>Criehaven</p><br>
<p>Sears Island</p><br>
<p>Great Spruce Head</p><br>
<p>Nautilus Island</p><br>
<p>Little Deer Isle</p><br>
<p>Deer Isle (Deer Isle, Stonington, Mountainville, Sunrise, Sunset)</p><br>
<h2>Towns along the western side</h2><br>
<p>Saint George</p><br>
<p>South Thomaston</p><br>
<p>Owls Head</p><br>
<p>Rockland</p><br>
<p>Rockport</p><br>
<p>Camden</p><br>
<p>Lincolnville</p><br>
<p>Northport</p><br>
<p>Belfast</p><br>
<p>Searsport (Penobscot Marine Museum)</p><br>
<p>Stockton Springs</p><br>
<p>Prospect</p><br>
<p>Verona Island</p><br>
<h2>Towns on the eastern side</h2><br>
<p>Bucksport</p><br>
<p>Orland</p><br>
<p>Penobscot</p><br>
<p>Castine</p><br>
<p>Brooksville</p><br>
<p>Deer Isle</p><br>
<p>Stonington</p><br>
<h2>Penobscot Bay panorama</h2><br>
<p>Cabo Girão is a lofty sea cliff located along the southern coast of the island of Madeira, in the Portuguese archipelago of Madeira. Cabo Girão is a popular lookout point, with up to 1800 visitors a day. The location is also a popular starting point for hikers.</p><br>
<h2>Skywalk</h2><br>
<p>The Cabo Girão Skywalk is the highest cliff skywalk in Europe, located on top of the cabo Girão Cliff in Madeira Island. The skywalk opened in late October 2012 and is similar to the one in America&#39;s Grand Canyon - both are made of transparent glass to provide stunning views to visitors.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>It is situated less than two kilometres west from the centre of Câmara de Lobos, between the parishes of Quinta Grande and Câmara de Lobos. A diamond-shaped sea-cliff escarpment from 560 m to 589 m above sea level, Cabo Girão lies between two river-valleys that flow into the Atlantic Ocean. The escarpment/cliffs extend approximately three kilometres between the urban sprawl of Câmara de Lobos to the east and the river-valley of Quinta Grande in the west.</p><br>
<p>There are cultivated wave-cut platforms (Fajãs de Cabo Girão) located below the sheer cliffs, which at one time only accessible by boat. In August 2003, a cable car was installed on the slope of the cliff so farmers can reach these low-lying fields.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Apart from the communications towers that are installed on Cabo Girão, the Cape is noted for the Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Fátima (Our Lady of Fátima), which was built in 1974 to replace a much smaller chapel built in 1931.</p><br>
<p>The Netravati River has its origins at Bangrabalige valley, Yelaneeru Ghat in Kudremukh in Chikkamagaluru district of Karnataka, India. This river flows through the famous pilgrimage place Dharmasthala and is considered as one of the Holy rivers of India. It merges with the Kumaradhara River at Uppinangadi before flowing to the Arabian Sea, south of Mangalore city. This river is the main source of water to Bantwal and Mangalore. The Netravati railway bridge is one of the known bridges which serve as the gateway to Mangalore.</p><br>
<p>Earlier in the last century it was known as the Bantwal River; the important town of Bantwal is seen on its banks. A reference to the River Netravati, as unfordable during the South-West Monsoon, can be seen in the Gazetteer of Southern India, published in 1855. It has an apparent breadth of about 200 yards with a bed encumbered by large rocky masses, chiefly of hornblende rock, containing spangles of mica and small garnets. Sienites also occur, as fragments of a beautiful pegmatite with flesh coloured feldspar are seen in the beds of rivulets. The Netravati River is navigable by small country craft for many miles. The train Netravati Express, passing through Mangalore, is named after this river.</p><br>
<p>Often Bantwal has been submerged in bygone years during the monsoon by overflowing river Netravati. Many residents left the town, settled elsewhere, and prospered. The major floods remembered by the elders of the town occurred in 1928 and 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Netravati river originates in the Western Ghats in Bangrabalike forest Valley in Yellaner Ghats of Kudremukha range in Karnataka State. The river drains an area of about 1,353 square miles. The Kumaradhara River, which originates in the Subramanya range of Western Ghats, meets the Netravati river near Uppinangadi village. Every year nearly around more than 100 tmc of water flowing to Arabian sea.</p><br>
<h2>Agriculture and fishing</h2><br>
<p>The main occupation of the people who have settled on the bank of this river is agriculture and fishing. This river is the main source of water for agriculture during off monsoon. The river is rich in water life. Majority of the people settling around the river have practiced fishing which provides bread to many families. People also trade fine sand which is used for construction. This sand is taken from the bed of the river.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy</h2><br>
<p>Many mini hydroelectric projects and diversion project have been set up on this river, causing damage to environment of this ecologically sensitive region; and more projects are in the planning stages and some are implemented. A recent controversy has arisen, from a proposal to change the path of the river so that the dry land areas above the Western Ghats can be irrigated. Changing the path of the river might lead to unforeseen environmental disasters according to some experts. For example, it might affect the marine life due to reduced outflow of freshwater and the subsequent decline of nutrients flowing into the sea. This apart from the loss in contiguity of rainforests in Western Ghats. Also some opposition has arisen to the proposed hydro electric projects on Netravati river.</p><br>
<p>Akasaka Palace, or the State Guest House, is one of the two State Guesthouses of the Government of Japan. The palace was originally built as the Imperial Palace for the Crown Prince in 1909.</p><br>
<p>Today the palace is designated by the government of Japan as an official accommodation for visiting state dignitaries. Located in the Moto Akasaka, Minato, Tokyo, the building took on its present function in 1974, having previously been an imperial detached palace. In 2009 the palace was designated as a National Treasure of Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>The building has 15,000 m² of floor space, and together with a smaller structure in the Japanese style, occupies a 117,000 m² site.</p><br>
<p>The main building is a Neo-Baroque style Western building in Japan, resembling in particular Buckingham Palace, and it is one of biggest buildings constructed during the Meiji period.</p><br>
<p>Outside and around the palace area is a footpath unobstructed by road crossings. The footpath is about 3.25 km long (roughly 2 miles).</p><br>
<p>The nearest station to the Palace is Yotsuya Station.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The territory that Akasaka Palace now occupies was part of the residence of Kishū Domain, one of the major branches of the ruling Tokugawa clan family. during the Tokugawa period. After the Meiji restoration, the Owari presented the land to the Imperial Household.</p><br>
<p>Designed by the architect Katayama Tōkuma (a student of Josiah Conder), the Neo-Baroque structure was constructed between 1899 and 1909 as a residence for the Crown Prince. Originally it was named Tōgū Palace (ja. lit. "Palace for the Crown Prince") but was later renamed Akasaka Palace when the Crown Prince&#39;s residence was moved.</p><br>
<p>Regent Crown Prince Hirohito resided at Akasaka Palace from September 1923 until September 1928, two months before his coronation. The move was intended to be temporary, but lasted five years. During the renovation of his contemporary residence, Hirohito intended to lodge temporarily at Akasaka Palace, moving in on August 28, 1923. Four days later, Japan was hit by the Great Kantō earthquake on September 1. During his residence in Akasaka Palace, Prince Hirohito married and fathered two daughters, Princess Sachiko (who died at 6 months old) and Princess Shigeko.</p><br>
<p>After World War II the government of Japan relieved the Imperial household of Akasaka Palace. Several governmental offices were installed in the palace, including the National Diet Library which was founded in 1948, Cabinet Legislation Bureau and Organizing Committee of Tokyo Olympics 1964.</p><br>
<p>Through the economic revival of the country after World War II, the Japanese Government found the necessity of establishing a state guest house. The former residence of Prince Asaka, currently Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum, had been used as the state guest house, though it was too small for the purpose. It was decided in 1967 to renovate the former Akasaka Palace as the new state guest house. The renovation was led by the architect Togo Murano with more than five years and 10.8 billion yen, which completed in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The first official state guest who stayed in the renovated palace was Gerald Ford in 1974, which was the first visit of the incumbent President of the United States to Japan. Since then, the palace has provided accommodations for state and official guests and a venue for international conferences, which have included the G7 summit meetings (1979, 1986 and 1993) and APEC summits.</p><br>
<p>The venue had been closed from 2006 to 2009 for renovation, and it was reopened in April 2009. In December 2009, the main building, the main gate and the garden with fountain were designated as a National Treasure of Japan. It was the first designation of assets after Meiji Restoration as a National Treasure of Japan.</p><br>
<h2>Kyoto State Guest House</h2><br>
<p>A new 16,000 m² facility in Kyoto was opened on April 17, 2005. The 20,000 m² site is located in Kyoto Gyoen, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto.</p><br>
<p>Parleys Canyon is a canyon located in the USA state of Utah. The canyon provides the route of Interstate 80   up the western slope of the Wasatch Mountains and is a relatively wide, straight canyon other than near its mouth. The mountain pass at the top of the canyon is known as Parleys Summit. With an elevation of 7,120 ft, the pass is the highest point along I-80 in the state of Utah. Both features are named for Parley P. Pratt, an early settler of the Salt Lake Valley and Mormon leader who surveyed the area to find a better transportation route through the Wasatch Mountains than the previous route which traversed Emigration Canyon.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Parleys Canyon begins where I-215 merges into I-80 in Salt Lake City and ends at Parleys Summit. The lower part of the canyon is relatively twisty and narrow and had to be dynamited to make way for I-80. Despite this, the interstate remains six or more lanes wide throughout the canyon; it is built over Parleys Creek in many places. Work is also underway to extend the Parleys Trail multi-use path through this segment to improve non-motorized access.</p><br>
<p>The canyon widens dramatically near Mountain Dell Dam and Utah State Route 65 (SR-65) splits from the freeway (which turns southeast temporarily) to provide access to Morgan County to the northeast. SR-65 also provides a connection to a local road leading over the ridge to Emigration Canyon in the same area where the Mormon trail crossed into that canyon. Little Dell Dam can be seen higher up on the side of Parleys Canyon in this area. As the freeway turns back toward the east, there is also an exit for the road leading up Lambs Canyon (a side canyon of Parleys Canyon).</p><br>
<p>The area around Parleys Summit is part of the Summit Park census-designated place (CDP). However, this area is more commonly referred to as Jeremy Ranch or Parleys Summit. Here the canyon is wide enough to form large communities along the sides of the freeway along the gentle mountain slopes. On the other side of the summit the freeway continues into the Snyderville Basin, which is where the popular resort town of Park City is located. Also within the basin is the ski jump built for the 2002 Winter Olympic Games and the large shopping district that has manifested itself around Kimball Junction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The canyon receives its name from Parley P. Pratt who was assigned to explore the canyon, called Big Canyon at the time, and to build a toll road, called the Golden Pass Toll Road. Construction on the road started in 1848 and was completed in 1850. The road through Parleys Canyon became the primary route into the Salt Lake Valley, surpassing the original route through Emigration Canyon. The canyon was used by a narrow gauge spur line owned by the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad from Salt Lake to Park City (the Salt Lake and Park City Railway). However, with its steep grades the line was unable to compete with the Union Pacifics line, (via Coalville, connecting to the UP main at Echo). Although the D&RG considered rebuilding their line to standard gauge, the line was abandoned before these plans were implemented. Some remnants of the D&RG line through Parley&#39;s Canyon, namely the cuts for the horseshoe curves, are in use by local roads and visible off the shoulder of the freeway.</p><br>
<p>The Great Divide Basin or Great Divide Closed Basin is an area of land in Wyoming&#39;s Red Desert  where none of the water falling as rain to the ground drains into any ocean, directly or indirectly. It is therefore considered an endorheic basin, and it adjoins the Continental Divide in southern Wyoming. To the west of the basin is the Green River watershed, draining to the Gulf of California/Pacific Ocean; to the east is the North Platte watershed, draining to the Gulf of Mexico/Atlantic Ocean. The basin is very roughly rectangular in shape; the northwest corner is in the Wind River Range near South Pass, about 40 mi southwest of Lander, and the southeast corner is in the Sierra Madre Range near Bridger Pass, about 20 mi southwest of Rawlins.</p><br>
<p>Although the Great Divide Basin provides a relatively low and easy crossing of the Continental Divide, its aridity and endorheic nature were an obstacle to pioneers during the westward expansion of the United States, and was known as the Saline Plain around the 1870s. Consequently, the Oregon Trail detoured north over South Pass, and the Overland Trail detoured south over Bridger Pass. By contrast, during the construction of the first transcontinental railroad, the Union Pacific was laid directly across the southern part of the basin. (The original railroad map labelled one point along this route as Bridgers Pass, giving rise to the still-common misconception that the railroad followed the Overland Trail.) Roughly the same route across the basin was later taken by the transcontinental highways traversing the region, namely the Lincoln Highway, USA 30, and Interstate 80. The basin is also traversed in a north-south direction by USA 287 and Wyoming 789. Even today the basin is very sparsely populated, the only incorporated town being Wamsutter, with a population of 451 at the 2010 census.</p><br>
<p>A westward traveler on Interstate 80 crosses from the Gulf of Mexico drainage to the Great Divide Basin at about 41.788&deg; latitude, -107.376&deg; longitude, roughly 7 miles west of Rawlins. A highway sign marks this as a crossing of the Continental Divide, although that is a matter of interpretation. At about 41.716&deg; latitude, -107.782&deg; longitude is the exit for Continental Divide Road, the highest point on I-80 within the Great Divide Basin, at an elevation of 7,130 ft. While this is no longer recognized as a crossing of the Divide, it was evidently considered to be just that during the days of the Lincoln Highway and USA 30, and a monument to Henry B. Joy, the first president of the Lincoln Highway Association, was placed just south of this point along the old highway. (It was relocated to Sherman Summit in 2001 to protect it from increasing vandalism.) Further west, I-80 crosses to the Colorado River drainage at about 41.631&deg; latitude, -108.311&deg; longitude. This is now recognized as the true location of the Continental Divide, and at one time yet another highway sign could be found at this location. (The placement of the Divide along this ridge signifies that the otherwise endorheic basin would drain to the east if it were to overflow.) Having finally left the Great Divide Basin behind, I-80 continues west and at 41.275&deg; latitude, -110.802&deg; longitude, around 10 mi west of Evanston, enters the vastly larger Great Basin, staying within it until the crest of the Sierra Nevada at Donner Summit.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>While usually thought of as a single basin, the Great Divide Basin is actually several contiguous sub-basins, most notably those centered on Circle Bar Lake, Frewen Lake, Lost Creek Lake, Red Lake, and Separation Lake. The interior ridges separating these sub-basins have led to disagreement about the correct path of the Continental Divide across or around the basin.</p><br>
<p>The Lucite Hills form part of the western boundary of the basin, featuring Black Rock Butte and Emmons Cone. Alkali Flat and Greasewood Flat are directly to their northeast. Sand dunes lie in the central western part of the basin. In the southern part of the western basin, Red Desert Flat and Red Desert Basin are the major features. These are about 25 miles northwest of the town of Wamsutter. In the northeast part of the Great Divide Basin is Chain Lakes Flat, southwest and downslope from Bairoil and Lamont.</p><br>
<p>The basin is a high desert dominated by sand dunes, bluffs and alkali flats. Flora and fauna include small trees in some ravines and the occasional shrub, along with many birds (e.g., sage grouse and pheasant) and pronghorn, mule deer, feral horses, and the occasional elk. The basin includes uranium ore deposits and many oil and natural gas wells. There has been debate between those that wish to utilize the resources within the basin and those that wish to see at least parts of it officially designated as wilderness.</p><br>
<p>Siatista  is a town and a former municipality in Kozani regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Voio, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit. It lies 28 km southwest of Kozani. The municipal unit has an area of 158.524 km, the community 94.426 km. The 2011 census recorded 5,490 residents in the town and 6,247 in the municipal unit. It was built on the austral slope of the Velia mountain on an  height of 930 m. The first name of the city was Kalyvia, because the city was known for its huts. This name is referenced in the archives of the Zavordas Monastery.</p><br>
<h2>Administrative division</h2><br>
<p>The municipal unit of Siatista consists of the following municipal communities (populations as of 2011):</p><br>
<p>Siatista, population 5,490</p><br>
<p>Mikrokastro, population 446</p><br>
<p>Palaiokastro, population 311</p><br>
<p>The municipal community of Palaiokastro comprises two settlements: Palaiokastro and Dafnero.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1745, the city is referenced in a formal document of Joseph, Patriarch of Ohrid. The commercial ties between Siatista and many European countries during 17th and 18th centuries were very successful, and allowed the inhabitants to build many mansions and churches with wonderful frescos and icons.</p><br>
<p>Siatista lies in a unique setting where its mountains and wilderness provide a strong sense of solitude. As a result, many Siatistan had to become merchants as to import (or export) necessary goods. Many of them found their way abroad permanently or temporarily where they distinguished themselves as able and reliable merchants. Many of them who became wealthy never return in their town staying for ever in the big cities all over the Balkan Peninsula. Those who choose to return built large and elegant mansions distinguished by their thick walls, imposing doors, lavishly decorated "ondas", gorgeous stained glasses, and lively colours in the folk paintings on their walls. All of this embodies their high standard of living, a rather rare phenomenon for such an isolated town. Many of those mansions are still in good shape today in the old city.</p><br>
<p>One of such a self-made wealthy merchants was Theodoros Dimitriou who together with his wife Afrati left their town at 1790 for Zagreb, then an Austro-Hungarian city. He managed to earn a significant fortune by trading a variety of goods which helped them to give a proper education to their children. Of them, Dimitrios destined to become a famous and celebrated personality for his role as a leading figure in the movement for the national awakening of the Croatian people (then under Austro-Hungarian rule) as a national writer, poet, dramatist and political activist. Recognized as one of the most learned people of his time, he was the first who imposed the Croatian language in the local literacy, he created the National Croatian Theater in Zagreb and became famous for his political activism for the Croatian national revival through his key role in many Croatian patriotic pamphlets at the time. Demeter&#39;s award for drama which established 35 years after his death (1872) stood until nowadays and his bust decorates the yard of the Croatian National Theater in Zagreb.</p><br>
<p>In 1888 Ioannes Trampatzes, another expatriate Greek merchant, this one in Romania, donated the funds for the Trampatzeion Gymnasium. The gymnasium housed two large libraries, the Manouseios with 5,000 books and the Roussopouleios with 2,000.</p><br>
<p>Siatista was liberated from the Ottoman Turks by the Greek army, on November 4, 1912 during the First Balkan War.</p><br>
<h2>Celebrations</h2><br>
<p>August 15 - Assumption of Mary - The male inhabitants of Siatista parade with their horses down to a chapel in the plain and return with the icon of the Panagia. In the feast and party that ensues the men dance on the backs of their horses. The local wine flows freely, even for their equine friends.</p><br>
<p>December 23 - Κλαδαριές (Klatharies) - On this day the inhabitants gather brush from the surrounding area. Each neighbourhood group builds tall, (three to six metres), conical shaped mounds that are decorated sparsely with balloons and tinsel. After nightfall a parade, including a brass band playing local music, begins at the lower town, Γεράνια (Yerania). In succession each mound of brush is set afire as the parade reaches the neighbourhood. The inhabitants then dance around the fires. Many of the village youth then stay up all night around the remnants of the bonfires to start carolling early in the morning of Christmas Eve, collecting money while singing door to door.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Michail Papageorgiou</p><br>
<p>Sonnenberg Gardens and Mansion State Historic Park is a 50 acre state park located at 151 Charlotte Street in Canandaigua, New York, at the north end of Canandaigua Lake, in the Finger Lakes region of Upstate New York. The house and gardens are open to the public every day, May through October.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property was once the summer home of Frederick Ferris Thompson, a prominent banker in New York City, and his wife Mary Clark Thompson, whose father, Myron Holley Clark, was Governor of New York State in 1855. The Clark family was from Canandaigua. Mr. & Mrs. Thompsons main home was in NYC in a large townhouse on Madison Avenue. The Thompsons purchased the Sonnenberg property in 1863, keeping the name, Sonnenberg (which means "sunny hill" in German). In 1887, they replaced the original farmhouse with a forty-room Queen Anne style mansion. The property also had a 100 acre farm to the east. Sonnenbergs gardens were designed and built between 1902–1919, and originally consisted of nine gardens in a variety of styles.</p><br>
<p>The Thompsons had no children. The nephew who inherited the estate after Mary Clark Thompsons death in 1923 sold the property to the Federal Government in 1931, who built a veterans hospital (today the Canandaigua VA Medical Center) on the adjacent farmland. The government used the mansion to house doctor&#39;s families and some nurses. In 1972, by an act of Congress called the Sonnenberg Bill, the mansion and its grounds were transferred from the Federal Government to a local non-profit organization formed to restore and reopen the property. It was opened to the public in 1973. All nine gardens have been restored and visitors can tour the mansion. In 2005, the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation bought the estate. It is still operated by the non-profit.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>Today most of the gardens have been restored, as follows:</p><br>
<p>The Conservatory – A Lord & Burnham conservatory complex, built between 1903 and 1915, and considered one of the most important residential greenhouse complexes in the United States. The complex includes a domed Palm House, with other glass houses featuring orchids, cacti, and tropical plants.</p><br>
<p>Japanese Garden – A miniature mountainous Japanese landscape, with torii gate. It is said that its tea house was modeled upon a very old tea house in Kyoto, since destroyed by fire. In addition, there is a statue of Buddha.</p><br>
<p>Sub Rosa Garden – A green garden (having no flowers) with white marble fountain complex set off by green lawn, boxwood, and evergreens. The fountain is Zeus, with Artemis and Apollo.</p><br>
<p>Rose Garden – A belvedere with over 2,500 rose bushes. The main beds are red, white, and pink; other beds are more varied in color.</p><br>
<p>Italian Garden – Four sunken parterres in a fleur-de-lis pattern, bordered by yews, with about 20,000 annuals in the bedding.</p><br>
<p>Blue & White Garden – Blue and white flowers with a Zelkova japonica tree in the center.</p><br>
<p>Pansy Garden – Planted with pansies with a delightful pedestal fountain as the centerpiece.</p><br>
<p>Moonlight Garden – Only white flowers, blooming late afternoon, and many fragrant. Includes heliotrope, tuberoses and verbenas.</p><br>
<p>Old-Fashioned Garden – A geometric garden, in which a low boxwood hedge forms the quincunx pattern of five circles. Four quarter sections, each with a center circle, are filled with annuals and perennials surrounded with diagonal interesecting walks, and an arbor in the center bisects the fifth circle.</p><br>
<p>Rock Garden – Formerly three gardens (the Wild Garden, the Lily Garden, and the Rock Garden), completed in 1919, but now merged to form an informal, wooded garden. Its path winds through a canyon constructed of puddingstone, with natural pockets and crannies used for alpine plants. Water includes 500 feet (150 m) of streams, waterfalls, and pools fed by geysers and springs.</p><br>
<p>Grounds were planted with many specimen trees (some planted by important guests), now numbering over 140 varieties.</p><br>
<h2>Mansion</h2><br>
<p>Built between 1885 and 1887, the 40-room Queen Anne style mansion was designed by Francis Allen, a noted Boston architect. Allen also designed and oversaw the remodeling of the mansion approximately 15 years after it was constructed. Two of the three floors are furnished and open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The mansion&#39;s facade is rusticated graystone with Medina sandstone trim and gables made from timber and stucco. The roof is slate with lead-coated copper.</p><br>
<h2>Other attractions</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the nine gardens and mansion, the property hosts the Finger Lakes Wine Center, where a number of local wines are available for tasting and purchase, housed in the Bay House, Also in the Bay House, is a fine gift shop.</p><br>
<p>A cafe is located in the Gardener&#39;s House serving light lunches.</p><br>
<p>Musi River is a tributary of the Krishna River in the Deccan Plateau flowing through Telangana state in India. Hyderabad stands on the banks of Musi river, which divides the historic old city and the new city. Himayat Sagar and Osman Sagar are dams built on it which used to act as source of water for Hyderabad. It was known as Muchukunda river in olden days, and the precise reason for the change of name is not known.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The river originates in Anantagiri Hills near Vikarabad, Ranga Reddy district, 90 kilometers to the west of Hyderabad and flows due east for almost all of its course. It joins the Krishna River at Vadapally in Nalgonda district after covering a distance of about 240 km.</p><br>
<h2>Places of interest</h2><br>
<p>Telangana High Court</p><br>
<p>City college</p><br>
<p>Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station</p><br>
<p>Osmania General Hospital</p><br>
<p>Salar Jung Museum</p><br>
<p>State Central Library</p><br>
<h2>Floods</h2><br>
<p>The Musi river was the cause of frequent flood devastation of Hyderabad city until the early decades of the 20th century. On Tuesday 28 September 1908, Hyderabad witnessed disastrous floods of the River Musi, flowing through the city. In one day, 17 inches of rainfall was recorded and the water level at Afzalgunj was about 11 ft high. These floods caused huge devastation to Hyderabad and killed around 15,000 people.</p><br>
<p>The modern era of the development of the twin cities began soon after these floods in 1908. This necessitated planned, phased development.</p><br>
<p>Abdallah Ahmed Bin Mahfooz submitted his report on October 1, 1909, with recommendations on preventing a recurrence of floods and improving civic amenities. Nizam VII constituted a City Improve Trust in 1912. He built a flood control system on the river. A dam was built in 1920 across the river, ten miles (16 km) upstream from the city called Osman Sagar. In 1927 another reservoir was built on Esi (tributary of Musi) and named Himayat Sagar. These lakes prevented the flooding of the River Musi and are major drinking water sources for Hyderabad city.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>Due to indiscriminate urbanization and lack of planning, the river has become a receptacle of untreated domestic and industrial waste dumping out of Hyderabad. It is estimated that nearly 350 MLD (million litres a day) of polluted water and sewage originating from Hyderabad and Secunderabad flow into the river. Efforts to clean it have failed. The river water downstream of the cities remains highly polluted, considered a major disaster in Hyderabad.</p><br>
